HEW  CENTURY  SERIES 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GIFT  OF 

ft) 


THE 

MORSE  SPELLER 


DICTATION  AND  SPELLING  IN  CORRELATION  WITH 
OTHER  SUBJECTS  FOR  ALL  GRADES 

WITH  SYLLABICATION  AND  PRIMARY  ACCENT 

BY 

SAMUEL  T.  DUTTON 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF   SCHOOLS,   BROOKLINE,  MASS. 


SILVER,  BURDETT  &  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  BOSTON 


Copyright  1896 

by 
SAMUEL  T.  DUTTON, 


FOURTEENTH   EDITION. 


PREFACE. 


THE  only  excuse  for  adding  another  to  the  list  of  spell- 
ing-books, already  large,  is  that  in  the  development  of  edu- 
cational methods  certain  principles  have  been  established, 
which,  if  fully  recognized,  will  tend  to  make  teaching  less 
mechanical,  more  interesting  and  more  effective. 

In  view  of  the  place  that  the  written  exercise  is  acknowl- 
edged to  have  in  teaching  spelling,  this  work  is  made  to 
contain  a  large  number  of  carefully  selected  and  well-graded 
lessons  for  dictation. 

The  claims  of  correlation  are  recognized  in  the  use  of 
instructive  material  bearing  largely  upon  the  subjects  pur- 
sued in  the  schools.  Thus  many  important  facts  and  cen- 
tral truths  are  economically  impressed.  In  the  slow  and 
laborious  task  of  gaining  a  working  vocabulary,  the  potency 
of  interest  is  not  disregarded. 

Special  care  has  been  taken  in  the  selection,  from  Eng- 
lish and  American  authors,  passages  of  great  moral  and 
aesthetic  value.  These  are  to  be  used  not  only  as  dictation 
exercises,  but  also  as  memory  gems. 

At  intervals,  lists  of  words  are  given  as  reviezv  lessons. 
These  may  be  used  by  the  teacher,  according  to  his  judg- 
ment, as  oral  lessons,  or  may  be  dictated  in  sentences  of  his 


lrU-17 


IV  PREFACE. 

own  forming.     Lists  of  new  words  are  added  for  use  as 
occasion  may  require. 

Most  of  the  technicalities  and  perplexities  of  our  lan- 
guage, made  so  prominent  in  some  spelling-books,  have 
been  scrupulously  omitted.  The  aim  here  is  to  have  spelling 
ability  acquired  by  practice,  under  the  stimulus  of  thought 
and  interest. 

The  book  is  divided  into  four  parts.  Part  I.  is  intended 
for  pupils  of  the  second  and  thirdTyears  or  grades ;  Part  II. 
for  fourth  and  fifth  grades;  Part  III.  for  sixth  and  seventh 
grades;  and  Part  IV.  for  eighth  and  ninth  grades. 

Acknowledgments  are  due  to  Miss  Harriet  E.  Moses,  of 
the  Lawrence  School,  Brookline,  for  valuable  assistance  in 
the  preparation  of  these  lessons. 

The  selections  from  the  writings  of  Emerson,  Longfel- 
low, Whittier,  Holmes  and  Fisk  are  used  by  the  kind  per- 
mission of  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

SAMUEL  T.  DUTTON. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  TEACHERS. 


IT  is  hoped  that  the  attempt  to  furnish  spelling  lessons, 
in  the  form  of  exercises  for  dictation,  will  be  appreciated. 
It  is  believed,  also,  that  the  omission  of  technicalities  of 
every  sort  will  be  approved. 

This  is  neither  a  language  book,  a  grammar  nor  a  dic- 
tionary. It  is  a  speller,  and,  if  faithfully  followed,  will  teach 
children  to  spell.  The  plan  is  exceedingly  simple.  At  the 
close  -of  every  exercise,  let  the  next  one  be  read,  so  that  any 
questions  concerning  the  meaning  or  pronunciation  may 
be  answered. 

The  pupils  are  to  carefully  study,  and,  in  the  earlier  stages 
of  the  work,  are  to  write  the  exercises.  In  the  recitation, 
teachers  are  to  dictate  each  sentence  or  phrase  once  only, 
with  distinctness,  thus  training  to  habits  of  attention  and 
application. 

The  review  lessons  contain  words  found  in  the  preceding 
exercises,  and  may  be  used  for  oral  review,  if  desired. 

The  selected  words  are  new,  and  it  is  recommended  that 
pupils  be  required  to  write  them  in  sentences. 

It  is  believed  that  the  faithful  use  of  this  book  will  give 
what  the  old-fashioned  speller  failed  to  give,  viz.,  the  pos- 
session of  a  good  working  vocabulary  along  the  line  of  the 


VI  SUGGESTIONS    TO    TEACHERS. 

studies  pursued  in  the  schools,  as  well  as  upon  practical 
everyday  subjects. 

It  is  assumed  that  the  exercises  bearing  upon  geography, 
science  and  history  will  not  be  used  until  those  subjects 
have  been  taught. 

The  table  of  contents  will  aid  the  teacher  in  this  connec- 
tion. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PART  L 

LESSON  I. 
ANIMALS.     ......*•••  i 

LESSON  VII. 
SPRING — FLOWERS ,  3 

LESSON  IX. 
BEAN— FROG— ROBIN 3 

LESSON  XIV. 
SUMMER— -FARMER — HAYING — FISHING 5 

LESSON  XXI. 
AUTUMN — FRUIT— NUTS 7 

LESSON  XXV. 
WINTER — SNOW — CHRISTMAS 8 

LESSON  XXIX. 
HOUSE — ROOM — BREAKFAST— DINNER.     ....  10 

LESSON  XXXIV. 
SCHOOL-ROOM — STORE II 

LESSON  XXXVII. 
INDIAN — MAPLE — LEAF 12 

LESSON  XLII. 

FABLES— SOIL 14 

vii 


vfii  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 

PART  II. 

LESSON  I. 
SCHOOL — HABITS — HEALTH — PROVERBS.  ...»  30 

LESSON  XIII. 
NATURE — DAIRY — GRAPES.       " 33 

LESSON  XVIII, 
EAPTH— OCEAN — PLANTS— FISH.       .....  34 

LESSON  XXV. 
CONTINENT— RACES — SEEDS — GROWTH — ROOTS.      .       .  36 

LESSON  XXXIII. 

AIR — WATER — CARBON  DIOXIDE  —  CIRCULATION — CAN- 
DLE FLAME 38 

LESSON  XL. 
U.  S.  HISTORY — QUOTATIONS ,        .  40 

LESSON  LXVIII. 
GEOGRAPHY— PRODUCTIONS — COTTON— MINES.        .  49 

LESSON  LXXIX. 
FLOWER — PARTS— SEEDS 52 

LESSON  LXXXII. 

PHYSICS — AIR  PRESSURE  — WATER  —  EXPANSION  —  CON- 
DENSATION— EVAPORATION 53 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  ix 

PART  HI. 

LESSON  I. 

GEOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY:— GREECE— ITALY— ENGLAND 

— FRANCE — GERMANY — RUSSIA 65 

LESSON  XXVIII. 
GEOGRAPHY:  — ASIA  —  AFRICA — AUSTRALIA —  CIRCLES — 

ZONES 74 

LESSSON  XL. 
PHYSIOLOGY: — CIRCULATION — DIGESTION.        ...  78 

LESSON  XLIV. 
GEOLOGY: — QUARTZ — GRANITE — CORAL.  ...  80 

LESSON  XLIX. 
PHYSICS: — HEAT 82 

LESSON  LII. 
U.  S.  HISTORY  AND  LITERATURE 83 

LESSON  LXXIV. 
INDUSTRY.    .........        0  91 

LESSON  LXXXI. 
PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY: — TIDES — CURRENTS — VOLCANOES 

— WINDS. 94 

LESSON  LXXXVIII. 
CHEMISTRY:  —  AMMONIA— CHLORINE — ACID— CARBON — 

GRAPHITE — CHARCOAL — COAL — QUOTATIONS.        .  96 

LESSON  XCVII. 
REVIEW I00 

LESSON  CXXIX. 
SELECTED  WORDS.      .        .  I08 


x  TABLE    OF   CONTENTS. 

PART   IV. 

LESSON  I. 

PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY: — PLANTS  AND  ANIMALS — INTER- 
DEPENDENCE —  CLIMATE  —  EFFECT  UPON  MAN, 
LABOR,  COMMERCE 112 

LESSON  XII. 
U.  S.  HISTORY  AND  LITERATURE 1 16 

LESSON  XXVII. 
CIVIL  SERVICE: — TAXES — ECONOMICS 123 

LESSON  XXXIV. 
PHYSIOLOGY: — NERVES — SENSES 125 

LESSON  XXXVII. 
PHYSICS: — MAGNETISM — ELECTRICITY 126 

LESSON  XXXIX. 
ENGLISH  HISTORY: — LITERATURE.     .....          127 

LESSON  LII. 
PHYSIOLOGY: — SKIN — DISEASE. 133 

LESSON  LI  II. 
BOTANY *33 

LESSON  LV. 
GEOLOGY: — ROCKS — GLACIERS — EARTHQUAKES,       .       .          134 


PART  I. 

LESSONS  FOR  COPYING  AND  DICTATION. 


I. 

The  dog  is  a  kind  and  useful  pet. 

He  can  run  very  fast. 

Some  dogs  are  very  strong  and  can  draw  a 
cart. 

A  good  dog  loves  his  master  and  takes  care 
of  him. 

Dogs  love  those  who  treat  them  kindly. 

II. 

The  cow  eats  hay  and  grass. 
She  has  many  large  teeth  in  her  mouth. 
Some  cows  have  long  horns. 
Do  you  like  milk  to  drink  ? 
Butter  and  cheese  are  made  from  milk. 
The  cow  has  large,  gentle  eyes. 

III. 

The  horse  is  a  very  useful  animal. 
He  can  carry  a  man  on  his  back  and  can  draw 
a  heavy  load. 


2  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

A  child  likes  a  small  horse   which  is  called  a 
pony. 

I  like  to  brush  my  pony  and    keep   his   coat 
smooth. 

IV. 

The  ant  is  a  busy  little  insect. 

Ants  build  their  houses  of  sand  with  much  care. 

It  is  great  fun  to  watch  them  at  work. 

They  gather  food  and  carry  it  into  their  houses. 

They  sometimes  help  each  other  when  the  load 
is  heavy. 

V. 

The  bee  is  another  wise  and  busy  insect. 

Bees  get  honey  from  the  flowers   and  store  it 
up  for  the  winter. 

Did  you  ever  look  into  a  bee-hive  ? 

How  neat  and  clean  the  bees  keep  their  homes. 

The  queen  bee  has  small  wings  and  does  not 
often  leave  the  hive. 

The  work-bees  fly  far  away  and  bring  home 
their  honey. 

VI. 

The  squirrel  is  a  playful  little  animal. 

He  has  bright  eyes  and  a  soft  fur  coat. 

Did  you  ever  see  a  squirrel  eating  a  nut  ? 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  3 

His  teeth  must  be  very  sharp. 

The  squirrel  lives  in  trees  and  makes  his  nest 
of  leaves. 

Do  not  throw  stones  at  the  squirrels  that  live 
in  your  yard. 

VII. 

In  the  spring  the  days  grow  longer  and  we 
see  the  green  grass. 

The  sun  is  bright  and  the  air  is  soft. 

The  little  buds  on  the  trees  begin  to  grow  and 
the  green  leaves  soon  come  out. 

How  pleasant  it  is  to  see  the  spring  flowers. 

Soon  Mother  Earth  will  have  a  new  spring  dress. 

VIII. 

One  of  the  first  spring  flowers  is  the  violet. 
It  is  purple  and  has  a  slender  stem. 
It  likes  to  grow  in  the  woods. 
We  can  see  many  little  seeds  up  in  the  maple 
tree. 

They  hold  on  by  their  stems. 

They  have  little  wings  and  will  soon  fly  away. 

IX. 

We  will  plant  a  bean  in  the  soft  earth. 
The  sun  makes  the  ground  warm  and  the  rain- 
drops make  it  moist. 


4  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

Soon  Mr.  Bean  comes  peeping  from  his  bed. 

He  wants  to  climb  up  into  the  sunshine. 

Sometimes  he  grows  to  be  very  tall. 

See  those  little  bean  pods. 

Each  pod  has  five  little  beans  in  it. 

X. 

God  made  the  sky  that  looks  so  blue, 

He  made  the  grass  so  green  ; 
He  made  the  flowers  that  smell  so  sweet, 

In  pretty  colors  seen. 

— Jane  Taylor. 

XI. 

I  can  hear  frogs  croaking  in  the  pond. 

They  seem  to  be  very  happy  because  spring  has 
come. 

Did  you  ever  see  a  frog  dive  into  the  water  ? 

Do  you  like  to  see  boys  throw  stones  at  the 
frogs  ? 

Have  you  heard  the  story  about  the  frogs 
who  wanted  a  king  ? 

XII. 

The  robin  comes  early  in  March  and  stays  un- 
til fall. 

She  builds  her  nest  in  the  trees. 
It  is  made  of  straw  and  mud. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  5 

The  robin  sings  sweetly  early  in  the  morning. 
Have  you  seen  her  pretty  blue  eggs  in  the  nest  ? 
Please  do  not  touch  them. 
When  the  little  robins  come,  the  mother  bird 
brings  food  for  them. 

XIII. 

Tongues  to  talk  have  you  and  I; 

God  has  given  the  little  fly 
No  such  things,  so  he  sings 

With  his  buzzing  wings. 

XIV. 

When  the  spring  is  gone  summer  comes. 
Now  the  trees  are  full  of  leaves. 
The  little  baby  plants  are  getting  quite  strong. 
The  sun  and  the  rain  help  them  to  grow. 
They  grow  at  night  while  you  and  I  are  asleep. 
Sometimes  it  is  too  hot  to  play  in  the  sun. 

XV. 

Who  is  that  working  in  the  field  ? 

It  is  a  farmer.  He  is  digging  up  weeds  among 
the  corn.  When  it  is  noon  he  goes  home  for 
dinner.  When  the  sun  goes  down  he  drives 
home  the  cows  and  milks  them.  He  goes  to  bed 
early  at  night  and  rises  with  the  sun. 


<5  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

XVI. 

What  are  these  men  doing  ?  They  are  cutting 
grass  and  drying  it  in  the  sun.  This  is  the  way 
to  make  hay.  When  it  is  dry  they  rake  it  and 
carry  it  into  the  barn.  When  winter  comes  the 
cattle  and  horses  will  have  sweet  hay  to  eat.  It 
is  great  sport  to  ride  into  the  barn  on  a  load  of 
hay. 

XVII. 

We  tread  through  fields  of  speckled  flowers, 

As  if  we  did  not  know 
Our  Father  made  them  beautiful 

Because  He  loves  us  so. 

— Alice  Cary. 

XVIII. 

All  people  like  to  spend  the  summer  in  the 
country.  They  like  to  be  among  the  trees  and 
flowers.  The  song  of  the  birds  seems  like  sweet 
music.  They  enjoy  riding  over  the  hills  and 
through  the  forest.  Sometimes  they  climb  a  high 
mountain.  They  always  come  home  very  hun- 
gry- 

XIX. 

Did  you  ever  go  fishing  in  the  lake  ? 
How   smoothly  the  boat   glides  through    the 
water.     We  use   oars   to   row  with.     Now   put 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  7 

some  bait  on  your  hook  and  drop  it  into  the 
water.  When  a  fish  bites,  try  and  pull  him  into 
the  boat. 

How  hard  he  tries  to  get  away. 

Is  there  any  better  fun  than  this? 

XX. 

What  are  those  white  spots  on  the  water  ?  Let 
us  row  to  them  and  see.  They  are  beautiful 
white  flowers.  They  are  called  pond-lilies.  See 
what  long  stems  they  have.  Did  you  ever  smell 
anything  so  sweet  ?  Let  us  carry  some  home 
with  us. 

XXI. 

How  quickly  the  summer  has  gone.  Now  au 
tumn  has  come.  The  plants  have  nearly  finished 
their  work.  They  have  made  many  seeds.  They 
will  soon  lose  their  leaves.  The  roots  of  some 
plants  keep  alive  all  winter.  The  leaves  of  some 
trees  turn  beautiful,  bright  colors.  When  they 
have  all  fallen  off,  the  trees  look  as  if  they  were 
dead.  They  are  only  sleeping  until  the  winter  is 
over. 

XXII. 

The  weather  is  cool  in  autumn. 

Jack  Frost  is  busy  every  night.     He  opens  the 


8  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

prickly  houses  in  which  the  beechnuts  live. 
Soon  the  little  nuts  fall  to  the  ground.  Jack 
Frost  also  turns  the  little  chestnuts  out  of  doors. 
The  squirrels  carry  them  away  to  their  nests. 
Boys  and  girls  also  are  fond  of  gathering  chest- 
nuts. 

XXIII. 

In  the  autumn  the  farmer  gathers  apples,  pears, 
plums,  grapes  and  peaches.  He  carries  some  of 
them  to  the  market.  He  gathers  the  corn  and 
other  grains  into  his  barn.  Did  you  ever  help 
to  husk  corn  ?  It  is  pleasant  to  see  yellow  ears 
of  corn  in  a  great  heap.  When  the  corn  is  ground 
it  is  called  meal.  When  wheat  is  ground  it  is 
called  flour. 

XXIV. 

Gone  hath  the  spring  with  all  its  flowers, 
And  gone  the  summer's  pomp  and  show. 

And  autumn  in  his  leafless  bowers, 
Is  waiting  for  the  winter's  snow. 

—John  G.  Whittier. 

XXV. 

Winter  is  the  coldest  season  of  the  year.  The 
days  are  much  shorter  than  in  summer.  The 
earth  wears  a  soft,  white  blanket.  It  is  called 
snow.  How  well  Mother  Nature  takes  care  of 
her  children.  She  sends  the  snow  to  keep  the 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  9 

little  plants  warm.  They  sleep  through  the  long, 
cold  winter.  See  the  frost  on  the  windows. 
How  it  sparkles  in  the  sunlight. 

XXVI. 

How  the  wind  blows  the  snow  about. 

It  is  fun  to  wade  through  the  drift. 

Did  you  ever  take  a  sleigh-ride  ? 

Who  does  not  like  to  hear  the  sleigh  bells  ? 

The  pond  is  covered  with  thick  ice.  It  is  so 
smooth  one  can  skate  very  fast.  Let  us  build  a 
fire  on  the  ice.  How  cheerful  it  makes  the  dark 
night. 

XXVII. 

Christmas  is  the  best  day  of  winter. 

One  of  my  presents  was  a  pair  of  new  skates. 
My  brother  John  had  a  sled  and  a  knife.  One 
stocking  was  full  of  popcorn.  We  had  dinner 
with  grandmother  and  grandfather.  I  wish  you 
might  have  seen  the  plum  pudding.  After  din- 
ner we  played  games  and  sang  songs.  When  we 
drove  home  the  moon  and  stars  shone  brightly. 

XXVIII. 

The  frost  looked  forth  one  still,  clear  night, 
And  whispered  :     "  Now,  I  shall  be  out  of  sight, 
So  through  the  valley,  and  over  the  height, 

In  silence  I'll  take  my  way." 

— H.  F.  Gould. 


10  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

XXIX. 

Our  house  is  on  Harvard  Street.  It  is  painted 
white  and  has  green  blinds.  A  broad  walk 
leads  to  the  front  door.  There  is  a  wide  hall  with 
two  rooms  on  each  side.  At  the  end  of  the  hall 
is  a  pair  of  stairs.  A  tall  clock  stands  on  the 
landing.  One  front  room  is  the  parlor,  the  other 
is  the  study.  Next  to  the  study  is  the  kitchen, 
and  back  of  the  parlor  is  the  dining-room. 

XXX. 

In  the  parlor  T  can  see  five  chairs  a  sofa  and  a 
piano.  The  walls  are  covered  with  a  light  paper. 
In  one  corner  of  the  room  is  a  table.  On  the 
table  are  some  books  and  a  lamp.  There  is  a 
soft,  blue  carpet  on  the  floor.  A  little  girl  is 
playing  on  the  piano.  Now  let  us  look  into  the 

study. 

XXXI. 

Here  are  many  shelves  filled  with  books.  Father 
sits  in  this  armchair  at  his  desk.  Coal  is  burned 
in  the  grate.  Jane  sweeps  and  dusts  every  morn- 
ing. Every  Saturday  she  cleans  the  windows. 
Walk  up  stairs  and  look  into  one  of  the  chambers. 
The  furniture  is  all  painted  white.  There  is  a 
pretty  rug  on  the  floor.  The  curtains  are  white 
muslin. 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  11 

XXXII. 

The  bell  rings  for  breakfast.  We  are  all  ready. 
Will  you  have  an  orange  ?  No,  I  thank  you. 
I  seldom  eat  fruit.  The  coffee  is  hot.  I  like  beef- 
steak and  potatoes.  Please  hand  me  the  salt  and 
pepper  for  my  egg.  I  prefer  toast  to  rolls. 
Where  is  my  teaspoon  ?  Now  we  must  go  to 
school. 

XXXIII. 

Dinner  is  ready.  How  hungry  we  ail  are.  Be 
careful  and  do  not  spill  your  soup.  I  think  this 
bread  is  new.  Where  is  my  napkin  ?  You  must 
have  dropped  it  on  the  floor.  Will  you  have 
beef  or  mutton  ?  Please  give  me  also  peas,  corn 
and  squash.  For  dessert  we  have  pudding 
and  pie. 

XXXIV. 

What  a  pleasant  schoolroom.  There  are  forty 
pupils  in  the  third  grade.  The  desks  are  made 
of  maple.  Some  fine  pictures  hang  on  the  walls. 
The  teacher  sits  in  an  armchair.  At  ten  o'clock 
we  sing  songs  and  play  games.  We  learn  our 
lessons  and  then  read  a  story  book.  Our  teacher 
is  kind  and  we  try  to  help  her. 


12  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

XXXV. 

In  the  village  is  a  large  store.  What  do  we 
need  this  morning  ?  Coffee,  sugar,  salt  and  Sour. 
The  clerk  will  grind  the  coffee  and  put  it  in  a 
paper  bag.  How  heavy  the  flour  is.  The  flour 
costs  $1.20,  the  coffee,  .40,  the  sugar,  .30,  and  the 
salt,  .10.  How  much  does  it  all  cost  ?  Now  we 
must  hurry,  or  we  shall  be  late  for  dinner. 

XXXVI. 

Little  deeds  of  kindness, 

Little  words  of  love, 
Make  our  Earth  an  Eden, 

Like  the  heaven  above. 

XXXVII. 

The  Indians  once  lived  in  these  forests.  Their 
houses  were  made  of  bark  and  boughs  and  were 
called  wigwams.  They  painted  their  faces  and 
put  feathers  in  their  hair.  The  Indian  wife  was 
called  a  squaw.  She  did  all  the  hard  work.  The 
men  used  the  bow  and  arrow  in  hunting.  The 
Indian  boat  was  made  of  birch  bark  and  was 
called  a  canoe. 

XXXVIII. 

The  Indians  had  no  schools  or  churches. 
The  Indian  boys  learned  to  hunt  and  fish,  but 


i  «  *  A  *rpv 

or  THC          \ 
MIYER8ITY  J 
THE    MORSE    SPELLuHXX  13 


did  not  learn  to  read  or  write.  When  white  men 
first  came  to  the  country  they  found  many  tribes 
of  Indians.  Some  were  kind  and  brought  them 
corn  and  fish  to  eat.  I  am  sorry  some  white  men 
treated  the  Indians  badly  and  drove  them  from 
their  lands. 

XXXIX. 

Let  us  look  at  this  fine  maple  tree.  Its  parts 
are  the  roots,  the  trunk,  the  branches  and  the 
leaves.  In  the  centre  of  the  trunk  is  the  pith. 
Around  the  pith  is  the  wood,  which  is  hard,  and 
on  the  outside  is  the  bark.  If  we  cut  across  the 
trunk  we  find  a  number  of  circles.  Each  circle 
shows  how  much  the  tree  grew  in  one  year. 

XL. 

The  stem  of  the  leaf  is  called  its  petiole.  The 
petiole,  in  the  maple  leaf,  is  green.  The  five  large 
branches  in  the  blade  are  called  veins.  The 
midvein  runs  from  the  petiole  through  the  mid- 
dle of  the  blade.  The  part  of  the  leaf  next  to  the 
petiole  is  called  its  base  and  the  other  end  is  its 
apex. 

XLI. 

Woodman,  spare  that  tree  ! 
Touch  not  a  single  bough  ! 


14  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

In  youth  it  sheltered  me, 

And  I'll  protect  it  now. 
'Twas  my  forefather's  hand 

That  placed  it  near  his  cot : 
There,  woodman,  let  it  stand  ; 

Thy  ax  shall  harm  it  not. 

— George  P.  Morris. 

XLII. 

A  little  fly  sat  down  to  rest  upon  the  head  of 
an  ox.  Just  as  he  was  about  to  fly  away  he  said 
to  the  ox  :  "  Perhaps  you  would  like  to  have  me 
go  now?"  "I  did  not  know  you  were  there," 
said  the  ox.  "  Go  when  you  get  ready."  The 
little  fly  thought  a  great  deal  of  himself. 

Have  you  ever  seen  people  who  were  like  him  ? 

XLIII. 

"  A  little  boy  was  dreaming 

Upon  his  mother's  lap, 
That  the  pins  fell  out  of  all  the  stars, 
And  the  stars  fell  into  his  cap. 

"  So  when  his  dream  was  over, 

What  should  that  little  boy  do  ? 
Why,  he  went  and  looked  into  his  cap 
And  found  it  wasn't  true." 

XLIV. 

A  little  light  once  fell  in  "love  with  itself.  It 
thought  the  sun,  moon  and  stars  were  no  brighter. 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  15 

Many  times  it  said  to  other  people,  "  See  how 
bright  I  am  ! "  Once  when  it  had  said  this,  the 
wind  blew  just  a  little,  and  out  it  went.  A  man 
had  to  light  it  again,  and  as  he  did  so,  he  said, 
"  The  stars  never  go  out." 

XLV. 

"I  cannot  do  much,"  said  a  little  star, 
"  To  make  the  dark  world  bright, 

My  silver  beams  cannot  pierce  far 
Into  the  gloom  of  night  ; 

Yet  I  am  a  part  of  God's  great  plan, 

And  so  I  will  do  the  best  1  can." 

XLVI. 

An  old  man  found  a  bad  boy  stealing  apples 
in  one  of  his  trees.  When  told  to  come  down,  he 
did  not  obey.  The  old  man  threw  grass  at  him, 
but  this  only  made  the  boy  laugh.  "  Very  well," 
said  the  old  man,  "I  will  try  throwing  stones." 
This  soon  brought  the  boy  down  from  the  tree. 
He  asked  the  old  man's  pardon. 

XLVII. 

A  lion  was  sleeping  under  an  oak  tree.  Some 
little  mice  ran  over  his  back  and  waked  him.  He 
put  his  great  paw  upon  one  of  them,  but  let  him 
go  as  the  mouse  begged  for  his  life.  Soon  after 


16  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

this  the  lion  fell  into  a  hunter's  net  and  began  to 
roar  loudly.  The  mouse  heard  his  voice  and, 
like  a  good  friend,  went  and  began  to  gnaw  the 
knots  of  the  net  until  the  lion  was  free. 

XLVIII. 

"  Be  kind  to  all  you  chance  to  meet, 
In  field  or  lane  or  crowded  street ; 
Anger  and  pride  are  both  unwise, 
Vinegar  never  catches  flies." 

XLIX. 

In  a  certain  house  were  many  mice.  A  cat 
was  found  who  began  to  catch  and  eat  some  of 
them.  Upon  this  the  mice  no  longer  came  down 
from  the  upper  shelf.  The  sly,  old  cat  hung  by 
her  hind  legs  from  a  peg  on  the  wall  and  seemed 
to  be  dead.  A  cunning  old  mouse  looked  over 
the  edge  of  the  shelf  and  said,  "  I  would  not 
trust  you  even  if  your  skin  were  stuffed  with 
straw." 


"  The  cunning  old  cat  lay  down  on  a  mat 

By  the  fire  in  the  oaken  hall  ; 
«If  the  little  mice  peep,  they'll  think  I'm  asleep/ 

So  she  rolled  herself  up  like  a  ball. 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  17 

"  Nibble,  nibble,  nibble,  went  the  mice, 
And  they  licked  their  little  paws  ; 
Then  the  cunning  old  cat  sprang  up  from  the  mat, 
And  caught  them  all  with  her  claws." 

LI. 

That  part  of  the  earth,  in  which  plants  grow,  is 
called  soil.  If  we  dig  through  the  soil  we  always 
find  rocks.  One  very  common  rock  is  called 
granite.  This  contains  three  kinds  of  crystals — 
quartz,  felspar  and  mica.  Metals  are  found 
deep  in  the  ground,  where  they  form  veins. 

LII. 

Little  by  little  the  great  rocks  grew, 
Long  ago  when  the  earth  was  new  ; 
Slowly  and  silently,  stately  and  free, 
Cities  of  coral  under  the  sea 
Little  by  little  are  builded,  while  so 
The  new  years  come  and  the  old  years  go. 


18 


REVIEW   LESSONS. 


LIII. 

LIV. 

LV. 

dog 

large 

brush 

kind 

teeth 

keep 

use'ful 

mouth 

coat 

pet 

some 

smooth 

run 

long 

called 

fast 

horns 

ant 

strong 

milk 

bus'y 

can 

drink 

lit/tie 

draw 

but'ter 

in'sects 

cart 

cheese 

build 

good 

made 

their 

love 

from 

house 

very 

gen'tle 

sand 

mas'ter 

eyes 

with 

take 

horse 

much 

care 

an'i  mal 

care 

him 

car'ry 

great 

those 

man 

fun 

treat 

back 

watch 

them 

heav'y 

work 

cow 

load 

gather 

eat 

child 

food 

hay 

small 

some'times 

grass 

po'ny 

help 

man'y 

which 

each 

THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


19 


LVI. 

LVII. 

LVIII. 

bee 

sharp 

first 

an  oth'er 

nut 

vi'o  let 

wise 

live 

pur'  pie 

hon'ey 

tree 

slen'der 

flow'er 

nest 

woods 

store 

leaf 

ma'ple 

win'ter 

throw 

seed 

look 

stone 

hold 

hive 

your 

stem 

neat 

yard 

plant 

clean 

spring 

bean 

queen 

day 

ground 

small 

grow 

warm 

wings 

long'er 

rain'drops 

leave 

green 

moist 

often 

air 

peep'ing 

fly 

bud 

bed 

far 

come 

want 

away 

out 

climb 

home 

pleas'ant 

sun'shine 

squir'rel 

see 

tall 

play'ful 

moth'er 

bean'pods 

bright 

earth 

five 

soft 

new  - 

God 

must 

dress 

blue 

20 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


LIX. 

LX. 

LXI. 

smell 

morn'ing 

field 

sweet 

egg 

farm'er 

pret'ty 

please 

dig'ging 

col'or 

bring 

weed 

hear 

tongues 

corn 

frog 

talk 

when 

croak'ing 

giv'en 

noon 

pond 

such 

a  mong' 

be  cause' 

thing 

goes 

dive 

buzz'ing 

din'ner 

wa'ter 

gone 

drive 

boy 

sum'mer 

rises 

heard 

full 

men 

sto'ry 

ba'by 

cut'ting 

king 

plant 

dry'ing 

rob'in 

quite 

rake 

ear'ly 

strong 

barn 

March 

rain 

win'ter 

stay 

night 

cat'tle 

un  til' 

while 

sport 

fall 

a  sleep' 

ride 

build 

hot 

tread 

mud 

play 

speck'led 

straw 

who 

fa'ther 

sing 

that 

beau'ti  ful 

THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


21 


LXII. 

LXIII. 

LXIV. 

peo'ple 

bite 

prick'ly 

spend 

try 

beach 

coun'try 

pull 

al'so 

a  mong' 

hard 

chest'nuts 

song 

bet'ter 

girls 

seem 

white 

fond 

mii'sic 

spot 

ap'ple 

en  joy' 

pond-lil'ies 

pear 

through 

quick'ly 

plum 

forest 

au'tumn 

grapes 

fore'fath  ers 

near'ly 

peach  'es 

high 

fin'ished 

mark'et 

mount'ain 

lose 

grain 

hun'gry 

root 

husk 

ev'er 

a  live' 

yel'low 

fish'ing 

turn 

ear 

lake 

bright 

heap 

boat 

fall'en 

meal 

glide 

dead 

wheat 

use 

sleep'ing 

flour 

oars 

weath'er 

hath 

row 

cool 

pomp 

bait 

Jack  Frost 

show 

hook 

ev'er  y 

snow 

drop 

o'pen 

cold'est 

THE 

MORSE    SPELLER. 

LXV. 

LXVI. 

LXVII. 

month 

knife 

door 

year 

stocking 

there 

short'er 

pop'corn 

hall 

wear 

grand'moth  er 

wide 

blank'et 

grand'fath  er 

two 

chil'dren 

might 

room 

warm 

pud'dirtg^ 

each 

win'dow 

game 

side 

spar'kle 

moon 

end 

wind 

stars 

stairs 

blow 

shone 

tall 

a  bout' 

forth 

clock 

wade 

still 

stand 

drift 

clear 

land'ing 

sleigh'-ride 

whis'pered 

par'lor 

skate 

sigh 

oth'er 

fire 

val'ley 

stud'y 

ice 

height 

next 

cheer'ful 

si'lence 

kitch'en 

Christ'mas 

paint'ed 

back 

best 

blinds 

din'ing 

pres'ent 

broad 

chair 

pair 

walk 

so'fa 

sled 

lead 

pi  an'o 

broth'er 

front 

wall 

THE 

MORSE   SPELLER 

• 

LXVIII. 

LXIX. 

LXX. 

cov'ered 

break'  fast 

des  sert' 

pa'per 

read'y 

pie 

cor'ner 

or'ange 

for'ty 

ta'ble 

thank 

pu'pil 

book 

sel'dom 

third 

lamp 

fruit 

grade 

car'pet 

coffee 

desk 

shelves 

beefsteak 

harm 

sit 

po  ta'toes 

pic'ture 

arm'-chair 

hand 

hang 

fire 

salt 

wall 

coal 

pep'per 

ten 

grate 

tea'spoon 

o'clock' 

burn 

school 

learn 

sweep 

oat'meal 

les'son 

dust 

care'ful 

read 

Sat'ur  day 

spill 

teach'er 

cham'ber 

soup 

vil'lage 

fur'ni  ture 

break 

need 

pret'ty 

nap'kin 

sug'ar 

rug 

dropped 

salt 

cur'tain 

floor 

clerk 

mus'lin 

mut'ton 

grind 

ring 

peas 

cost 

bell 

squash 

hur'ry 

23 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


LXXL 

LXXII. 

LXXIII. 

late 

ca  noe' 

blade 

deed 

church 

vein 

kind'ness 

fish 

mid'dle 

word 

write 

next 

E'den 

tribes 

base 

heav'en 

brought 

oth'er 

In'dians 

sor'ry/^ 

end 

once 

treat'ed 

a'pex 

for'est 

bad'ly 

wood'man 

bark 

drove 

spare 

boughs 

land 

touch 

wig'  wain 

look 

sin'gle 

paint'ed 

part 

youth 

face 

trunk 

sheltered 

feath'er 

branch'es 

pro  tect' 

hair 

cen'tre 

fly 

wife 

pith 

sat 

squaw 

a  round' 

down 

work 

out  side' 

rest 

used 

cut 

head 

bow    . 

a  cross' 

ox 

ar'row 

num'ber 

just 

hunt'ing 

cir'cle 

per  haps' 

boat 

grew 

would 

birch 

pet'i  ole 

know 

THE 

MORSE   SPELLER 

• 

LXXIV. 

LXXV. 

LXXVI. 

thought 

best 

meat 

deal 

steal'ing 

lane 

him  self 

o  bey' 

crowd'ed 

dream'ing 

laugh 

street 

lap 

par'don 

an'ger 

pins 

li'on 

pride 

fell 

oak 

un  wise' 

cap 

mice 

vin'e  gar 

should 

back 

catch 

why 

waked 

flies 

went 

paw 

cer'tain 

true 

mouse 

be  gan' 

light 

begged     . 

up'per 

it  self 

life 

sly 

times 

hunt'er 

hind 

blew 

net 

Peg 

nev'er 

roar 

leg 

dark 

loud'ly 

cun'ning 

world 

voice 

edge 

sil'ver 

good 

trust 

brand 

friend 

skin 

pierce 

gnaw 

stuffed 

gloam 

knot 

straw 

yet 

free 

mat 

plan 

chance 

fire 

25 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


LXXVII. 

rolled 

rock 

met'al 

ball 

gran'ite 

ground 

nib'ble 

com'mon 

slow'ly 

licked 

con  tain' 

si'lent  ly 

sprang 

crys'tal 

state'ly 

caught 

quartz 

cit'ies 

claws 

feld'spar 

co'r'al 

soil 

mi'ca 

sea 

SELECTED    WORDS    TO    BE    WRITTEN 
IN    SENTENCES    BY   THE    PUPIL. 


LXXVIIL 


melt 

own 

a  gree' 

urge 

plen'ty 

ease 

a  gain' 

sew 

bound 

reed 

val'ue 

sor'ry 


dol'lar 

wait 

fare 

cheap 

owe 

tight 

cell 

keen 

cheat 

bar'gain 

cent 

gal'lon 


LXXIX. 

fair 

shade 

sell 

sau'cer 

bar'rel 

plate 

deer 

loaf 

fail 

die 

roam 

heel 

toast 

fuel 

chi'na 

least 

jel'ly 

mist 

sauce 

dye 

weak 

scour 

hour 

hedge 

THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 


27 


LXXX. 

LXXXI. 

LXXXII. 

height 

cloak 

kite 

fight 

gloves 

shov'el 

lawn 

mit'tens 

en'gine 

breath 

cones 

cray'on 

shoot 

clo'ver 

chalk 

smoke 

as'ters 

tray 

pit'y 

glos'sy 

flag 

meek 

nail 

blunt 

marsh 

stove 

tow'el 

no'tice 

crack 

gut'ter 

search 

cous'in 

track 

road 

un'cle 

cro'cus 

flood 

aunt 

dan'de  li  on 

ditch 

sleigh 

toad 

rowed 

yes'ter  day 

crow 

raise 

e'ven  ing 

al'der 

choice 

hood 

worm 

shal'low 

whale 

ber'ries 

judge 

geese 

toes 

squall 

tal'low 

beak 

a'pron 

moss 

va'ca  tion 

dull 

cra'dle 

haste 

comb 

stage 

freeze 

stock'ings 

thim'ble 

cure 

rub'bers 

blocks 

cube 

28 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 


.XXXIII. 

LXXXIV. 

LXXXV 

scrap 

sketch 

par'ents 

knob 

stitch 

let'ter 

notch 

wreck 

awl 

crutch 

throat 

broil 

crumb 

porch 

brute 

staff 

rogue 

aw'ful 

dare 

choke  / 

ax'  is 

bruise 

ghost 

strain 

shawl 

twist 

ar'bor 

verse 

or'der 

stripe 

pearl 

hon'es  ty 

nurse 

arch 

fierce 

straw 

starch 

wrist 

ax'le 

dwarf 

quince 

a  loft' 

starve 

prize 

streak 

vault 

de  feat' 

camp 

birth 

wis'dom 

co'sy 

worse 

let'tuce 

sum 

pan'sy 

stu'pid 

ques'tion 

feast 

dunce 

mark 

skein 

cap'i  tal 

fact 

speech 

base  '-ball 

flash 

badge 

waves 

track 

match 

grey 

tramp 

barge 

prop'er 

band 

THE 

MORSE   SPELLER. 

LXXXVI. 

LXXXVII. 

LXXXVIII 

plank 

po'et 

oth'er 

of  fi  cer 

la'dy 

doll 

bleak 

coin 

goat 

lease 

o'pen 

pew 

check 

cord 

dime 

lend 

fa'ble 

scald 

theme 

can'dle 

carve 

college 

skip 

wool 

bridge 

slide 

cra'dle 

bath 

tart 

crib 

tent 

muff 

pew'ter 

flock 

lace 

tongs 

bunch 

silk 

wharf 

toy 

wolf 

dip'per 

wren 

bug 

pea'nut 

chart 

duck 

ea'ger 

map 

owl 

roos'ter 

crew 

fog 

wolf 

kit'ten 

noon 

fair'y 

peak 

bank    ' 

pus'sy 

team 

fort 

pile 

float 

peace 

crow 

chase 

war 

rab'bit 

pain 

ar'my 

doves 

purse 

host 

guess 

29 


PART  II. 
i. 

In  a  good  school,  teacher  and  pupils  help  each  other. 
All  find  pleasure  in  performing  hard  tasks.  Pupils  are 
diligent  and  do  not  disturb  those  near  them.  All  lessons 
are  faithfully  learned.  The  schoolroom  is  tidy  and  there 
are  growing  plants  in  the  windows.  Books  are  handled 
with  care  and  so  are  neither  torn  nor  soiled. 

II. 

The  girls  and  boys  that  do  their  best, 

Their  best  will  better  grow, 
But  those  who  slight  their  daily  task, 

They  let  the  better  go. 
What  if  your  lessons  should  be  hard, 

You  need  not  yield  to  sorrow  ; 
Work  bravely  at  your  task  to-day, 

'Twill  lighter  be  to-morrow. 

III. 

When  we  do  anything  over  and  over  again  we  form  a 
habit.  Children  are  ever  forming  habits,  either  good  or 
bad.  We  form  habits  of  standing,  walking  and  sitting ; 
of  speaking,  writing  and  reading.  If  we  always  do  our 
very  best,  our  habits  will  be  good.  If  we  are  lazy  and 
careless,  our  habits  are  sure  to  be  bad.  Character  has 
been  said  to  be  but  a  bundle  of  habits. 

30 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  31 

IV. 

The  tissue  of  the  life  to  be 

We  weave  with  colors  all  our  own, 

And  in  the  field  of  Destiny, 
We  reap  as  we  have  sown. 

—Raphael. 

V. 

Good  health  is  the  secret  of  happiness.  Eat  plain  food, 
go  to  bed  early,  play  out  of  doors,  and  you  will  be  healthy. 
Children  who  have  good  health  enjoy  their  school.  At 
recess  they  love  to  run,  jump  and  shout.  In  the  school- 
room they  can  study  hard  and  not  feel  tired.  Healthy 
boys  and  girls  grow  to  be  strong  men  and  women.  Some 
people  are  never  ill,  because  they  take  care  of  their 
health. 

VI. 

We  live  in  deeds,  not  years  ;  in  thoughts,  not  breaths  ; 
In  feelings,  not  in  figures  on  the  dial. 
We  should  count  time  by  heart-throbs.     He  most  lives 
Who  thinks  most,  feels  the  noblest,  acts  the  best. 

— Bailey. 

VII. 

How  little  we  can  accomplish  without  the  help  of  oth- 
ers. We  depend  upon  others  for  the  food  we  eat  and  the 
clothes  we  wear.  Our  breakfast,  dinner  and  supper  are 
made  up  of  things  that  come  from  many  countries.  We 
rely  upon  the  farmer,  the  sailor  and  the  merchant  to  pro- 
vide for  our  wants.  The  whole  world  is  a  busy  hive  of 
workers. 


32  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

VIII. 

No  longer  let  me  shun  my  part 

Amid  the  busy  scenes  of  life, 
But  with  a  warm  and  generous  heart 

Press  onward  in  the  glorious  strife. 

— /.  H.  Bryant. 

The  meal  unshared  is  food  unblest; 

Thou  hoard'st  in  vain  what  love  should  spend; 
Self-ease  is  pain;  thy  only  rest 

Is  labor  for  a  worthy  end. 

—  Whittier. 

IX. 

My  son,  forget  not  my  law,  but  let  thine  heart  keep  my 
commandments ;  for  length  of  days  and  long  life  shall 
they  add  to  thee. 

Let  not  mercy  and  truth  forsake  thee  ;  bind  them  about 
thy  neck ;  write  them  upon  the  table  of  thy  heart.  So 
shalt  thou  find  favor  and  good  understanding  in  the  sight 
of  God  and  man. 

X. 

I  count  this  thing  to  be  grandly  true  : 
That  a  noble  deed  is  a  step  toward  God — 
Lifting  the  soul  from  the  common  sod 

To  a  purer  air  and  a  broader  view. 

—Holland. 

XL 

A  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than  great  riches. 
By  humility  and  the  fear  of  the   Lord,  are  riches  and 
honor  and  life. 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  33 

Boast  not  thyself  of  to-morrow,  for  thou  knowest  not 
what  a  day  may  bring  forth. 

Let  another  man  praise  thee,  and  not  thine  own  mouth : 
a  stranger,  and  not  thine  own  lips. 

XII. 

Within  himself  he  found  the  law  of  right, 
He  walked  by  faith,  and  not  the  letter's  sight, 
And  read  his  Bible  by  the  Inward  Light. 

—  Whittier. 

XIII. 

There  are  three  kingdoms  of  nature — the  animal,  vege- 
table and  mineral.  Most  of  our  food  comes  from  the  an- 
imal and  vegetable  kingdoms.  The  means  by  which  we 
obtain  vegetable  products  from  the  earth  is  called  agricul- 
ture. It  is  interesting  to  know  that  different  kinds  of 
food  contain  the  same  elements. 

XIV. 

Nature,  like  a  loving  mother,  is  ever  trying  to  keep  land 
and  sea,  mountain  and  valley,  each  in  its  place,  to  hush 
the  angry  wind  and  waves,  balance  the  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold,  of  rain  and  drought,  that  peace,  harmony  and 
beauty  may  reign  supreme. — E.  C.  Stanton. 

XV. 

Milk,  butter  and  cheese  form  an  important  part  of  our 
diet.  They  are  called  dairy  products.  With  bread,  we 
could  live  on  these  alone.  Milk  varies  in  quality,  accord- 
ing to  the  food  given  to  the  cows.  With  the  old-fashioned 
churn,  two  or  three  hours  were  required  to  produce  but- 


34  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

ter.  Now  it  is  made  by  means  of  a  machine  in  a  few  min- 
utes. One  pound  of  cheese  contains  as  much  nourishment 
as  two  pounds  of  beef. 

XVI. 

The  most  ancient  of  the  cultivated  fruits  is  the  grape. 
Certain  kinds  of  grapes,  by  being  dried  in  the  sun,  can  be 
converted  into  raisins.  Another  variety  furnishes  the 
valuable  fruit  known  as  currants.  I  have  read  of  a  clus- 
ter of  Hamburg  grapes,  the  weight  of  which  was  thirteen 
pounds  and  four  ounces. 

XVII. 

BOSTON,  September  10,  1896. 
MR.  HENRY  W.  SMITH, 

Dear  Sir  : 

Please  send  to  No.  215  Maple  St.,  10  Ibs.  flour,  6  oz. 
black  pepper,  3  doz.  eggs,  5  Ibs.  oatmeal,  2  qts.  milk,  3 
gals,  vinegar,  I  Ib.  crackers,  and  yz  doz.  lemons. 

Yours  truly, 

SARAH  TURNER. 

XVIII. 

The  earth  is  one  of  eight  planets  which  are  continually 
whirling  about  the  sun.  It  is  sometimes  called  a  great  ball 
of  land  and  water,  surrounded  by  a  shell  of  air. 

Great,  wide,  beautiful,  wonderful  world, 
With  the  wonderful  water  round  you  curled, 
And  the  wonderful  grass  upon  your  breast, 
World,  you  are  beautifully  dressed. 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  35 

XIX. 

Sometimes  the  earth  moves  between  the  sun  and  the 
moon  and  casts  a  shadow  on  the  moon.  The  edge  of  this 
shadow  always  looks  like  part  of  a  circle.  Do  you  know 
the  shadow's  name  ?  Can  you  prove  the  earth  round  ? 
What  happens  when  the  moon  is  between  the  earth  and 
sun? 

XX. 

The  oceans  cover  about  three-fourths  of  the  earth's  sur- 
face. They  wholly,  or  partly,  separate  the  continents 
from  one  another.  All  water  belongs  to  the  ocean.  The 
sun  borrows  it,  the  winds  carry  it,  and  the  springs  and 
rivers  return  it.  We  must  thank  the  sun  and  wind  for  the 
rain  and  showers.  Arms  and  passages  of  the  ocean  are 
classed  as  seas,  gulfs,  bays,  sounds,  and  straits. 

XXL 

The  land  has  many  valleys  and  mountains,  so  has  the 
sea-bottom.  Some  mountains  rise  high  above  the  surface 
of  the  sea.  Their  tops  are  called  islands.  The  wind  blows 
sand  over  the  desert  and  also  makes  waves  on  the  surface 
of  the  ocean,  but  the  deep  sea  is  always  still.  Strange 
plants  and  animals  have  lived  and  multiplied  upon  the  land 
and  in  the  water. 

XXII. 

Have  you  visited  the  beach  or  seashore  ? 

Most  parts  of  the  sea  near  the  land  are  shallow.  Far 
from  the  shores  the  sea  is  in  many  places  two  miles  deep, 
and  in  some  places  the  bottom  is  four  or  five  miles  below 


36  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

the  surface.     No  sunshine  reaches  the  deep  parts  of  the 
sea.     The  deep  water  is  always  cold  and  dark. 

XXIII. 

Plants  and  animals  live  on  the  land.  Seaweeds,  fish, 
ad  many  curious  creatures  abound  in  the  shallow  waters 
near  the  seashore.  Fish  are  found  in  many  lakes  and 
rivers.  Some  kinds  of  fish  are  found  in  fresh  water 
only,  but  others  from  the  salt  water  go  into  the  rivers  to 
spawn  or  deposit  their  eggs. 

XXIV. 

Have  you  seen  the  "Big  Dipper"?  Can  you  use  the 
pointers  and  find  the  North  Star  ?  Face  the  north.  East 
is  on  the  right,  and  west  is  on  the  left.  Can  you  find 
northeast,  southeast,  southwest  and  northwest  ?  About 
March  21  and  September  22  the  sun  rises  due  east  and 
sets  due  west.  What  happens,  and  why  ? 

XXV. 

A  continent  is  not  round  ;  it  is  irregular  in  shape.  We 
can  find  peninsulas  and  capes  projecting  from  its  coast. 

A  high,  rocky  cape  can  be  seen  far  out  at  sea.  It  is 
called  a  promontory.  Can  you  think  of  a  large  peninsula  ? 
It  is  joined  to  other  land  by  a  narrow  strip  called  an  isth- 
mus. What  a  queer  name  !  It  is  a  Greek  word,  meaning 
neck. 

XXVI. 

Shall  we  visit  little  boys  and  girls  of  other  countries  ? 
Can  we  find  children  with  black  skins,  woolly  hair,  flat 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  37 

noses,  and  thick  lips  ?  Some  children  know  how  the  tea- 
plant  grows.  Let  our  minds  find  the  Negroes,  Chinese, 
Turks,  Arabs,  Lapps,  Finns  and  Eskimos.  We  will  ask 
the  Lapps  and  Finns  about  the  reindeer,  and  the  Eskimos 
about  their  dogs. 

XXVII. 

Mother  Nature  gives  food  to  her  baby  seeds.  Open  a 
seed  and  find  the  meat.  Plant  many  seeds  and  watch 
their  growth.  Can  you  find  the  germinating  plantlet  and 
the  cotyledons?  The  cotyledons  nourish  the  plantlet 
until  Mother  Nature  gives  it  roots. 

XXVIII. 

"  As  wonderful  things  are  hidden  away 
In  the  heart  of  a  little  brown  seed, 
As  ever  were  found  in  a  fairy  nut 
Of  which  children  sometimes  read. 

"  Over  its  pretty  shining  coat 

We  sprinkle  the  earth  so  brown, 
And  the  sunshine  warms  its  lowly  bed, 
And  the  rain  comes  dropping  down." 

XXIX. 

Plants  need  light,  heat  and  moisture.  Do  the  plumule 
and  radicle  grow  at  the  same  time  ?  Open  the  cotyledons 
and  see  the  tiny  plumule.  The  radicle  is  hiding  itself  in 
the  soil  while  the  little  plumule  is  forcing  its  way  upward 
into  the  beautiful  sunlight. 


38  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

XXX. 

"  Patter,  patter,  the  soft,  warm  rain 

Knocks  at  the  tiny  door, 
And  two  little  heads  come  peeping  out, 
Like  a  story  in  fairy  lore. 

"  One  is  the  Radicle  creeping  down, 

At  first  but  a  wee,  white  root, 
The  other  the  Plumule  :  above  the  soil 
It  sends  up  a  little  green  shoot." 

XXXI. 

We  eat  the  fleshy  roots  of  some  plants.  Have  you 
eaten  a  beet,  a  radish  or  a  carrot  ?  The  tender  roots  have 
mouths  through  which  they  absorb  moisture  from  the 
ground.  The  roots  of  some  plants  live  year  after  year; 
some  die  the  second  season,  and  others  perish  when  Jack 
Frost  finds  them  in  the  autumn. 

XXXII. 

44  Steadily  up  toiled  the  slender  stem, 

And  only  its  work  it  heeds  ; 
A  leaf  appears,  bud,  blossoms  and  fruit; 
Last  of  all  come  the  little  seeds. 

"Then  its  work  all  done,  if  an  annual, 

It  has  had  its  brief,  bright  day, 
And  now  at  the  touch  of  Frost-king's  breath 
It  withers  and  fades  away." 


Air  is  composed  of  oxygen  and  nitrogen.     If  one-fifth 
oxygen,  what  part  of  the  air  is  nitrogen  ?     We  cannot 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  39 

see  air.  The  air  surrounding  the  earth  is  called  its  atmos- 
phere. It  is  from  50  to  200  miles  high.  At  the  sea-level 
air  is  dense,  on  high  mountains  it  is  rare.  Air  in  motion 
is  called  wind 

"  The  wonderful  air  is  over  me, 
And  the  wonderful  wind  is  shaking  the  tree  ; 
It  walks  on  the  water,  and  whirls  the  mills, 
And  talks  to  itself  on  the  top  of  the  hills." 

XXXIV. 

An  animal  will  die  in  nitrogen,  not  because  nitrogen  is 
a  poison,  but  because  the  animal  needs  oxygen.  Oxygen 
supports  combustion.  Our  lives  and  the  lives  of  plants 
and  animals  depend  on  the  presence  of  oxygen.  It  is 
through  its  influence  that  fires  blaze  and  lamps  give  light. 

XXXV. 

Water  contains  twice  as  much  hydrogen  as  oxygen. 
Hydrogen  is  colorless  and  odorless.  It  is  lighter  than  air. 
Balloons  have  been  filled  with  hydrogen.  If  we  place  a 
burning  match  near  the  open  end  of  a  tube  of  hydrogen, 
and  allow  the  hydrogen  to  unite  with  the  air,  an  explo- 
sion occurs.  Would  miners  be  in  less  danger  if  hydrogen 
were  not  odorless  ? 

XXXVI. 

From  marble  we  can  obtain  lime  and  carbon  dioxide. 
In  certain  countries,  carbon  dioxide  oozes  from  the  earth, 
There  is  a  grotto  near  Naples  in  which  a  man  can  walk, 
but  it  is  not  safe  for  a  dog  to  enter.  Carbon  dioxide  is 
heavier  than  air  and  it  is  a  poisonous  gas. 


40  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

XXXVII. 

Blood  circulates  through  the  body.  Oxygen  is  taken 
i-nto  the  lungs.  It  makes  the  blood  red  and  the  body 
warm.  The  body  takes  oxygen  from  the  blood  and  gives 
carbon  dioxide  in  return.  We  exhale  impure  air.  It  is 
unwise  to  breathe  the  same  air  over  and  over  again. 

XXXVIII. 

Frozen  water  is  called  ice.  Ice  is  lighter  than  water. 
We  think  of  water  as  a  liquid.  We  see  it  in  the  rivers, 
lakes,  and  ocean.  The  sun  gives  wings  to  the  water  and 
it  flies  away  in  the  form  of  gas.  When  cool,  we  see  it  in 
the  clouds,  the  dew,  and  the  rain ;  when  very  cold,  we 
look  for  frost  and  snow. 

XXXIX. 

Study  the  three  parts  of  a  candle  flame — the  inner  cone, 
the  middle  cone  and  the  outer  cone.  The  inner  cone 
contains  an  unburned  gas.  The  middle  cone  gives  light 
and  heat,  hydrogen  burns  and  carbon  glows.  The  outer 
cone  gives  little  light  and  the  greatest  heat. 

XL. 

When  Columbus  explained  his  plans  to  the  King  and 
Queen  of  Spain,  they  were  much  interested.  With  the 
money  which  they  gave  him,  he  fitted  out  three  small  ves- 
sels and  set  sail  across  the  Atlantic.  On  the  twelfth  of 
October,  1492,  he  discovered  the  New  World.  Columbus 
soon  returned  to  Spain  and  carried  some  Indians  with 
him.  He  was  received  with  much  honor  by  the  King  and 
Queen.  He  believed  he  had  found  India. 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  41 

XLI. 

So  far  as  Columbus  knew,  no  one  had  ever  crossed  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  or  even  heard  that  it  had  any  west  coast 
at  all.  True,  Norsemen  had  long  before  crossed  northern 
portions  of  the  Atlantic  and  discovered  Iceland,  Green- 
land and  Vineland.  But  there  is  no  evidence,  so  far  as  I 
am  aware,  that  Columbus  had  ever  heard  of  these  discov, 
cries.  No  ;  Columbus  was  inspired  by  faith,  not  by  sight, 
not  even  by  science. — Boardman. 

XLII. 

Immortal  morn,  all  hail ! 
That  saw  Columbus  sail 

By  Faith  alone  ! 
The  skies  before  him  bowed, 
Back  rolled  the  ocean  proud, 
And  every  lifting  cloud 

With  glory  shone. 

XLIII. 

The  oldest  settlement  in  the  United  States  was  made 
by  the  Spanish  at  St.  Augustine,  August  28,  1565.  In 
1605,  the  French  planted  a  colony  on  the  west  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia.  In  1609,  Henry  Hudson  sailed  up  the  river 
that  now  bears  his  name.  He  thought  it  a  very  beautiful 
river.  The  Dutch  soon  had  large  trade  with  the  Indians. 

XLIV. 

An  evil  day  came,  upon  us.  Your  fathers  crossed  the 
great  water  and  landed  on  this  island.  Their  numbers 
were  small.  They  found  friends  and  not  enemies.  They 
told  us  they  had  fled  from  their  own  country^  for  fear  of 

<^»«A*7sv 
or  THC        ^ 

DIVERSITY   I 
or  J 


42  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

wicked  men  and  had  come  here  to  enjoy  their  religion. 
They  asked  for  a  small  seat.  We  took  pity  on  them, 
granted  their  request,  and  they  sat  down  amongst  us. 
We  gave  them  corn  and  meat ;  they  gave  us  poison  in 
return. — Red  Jacket  (1805). 

XLV. 

He  learned  of  every  bird  its  language, 
Learned  their  names  and  all  their  secrets, 
How  they  built  their  nests  in  summer, 
Where  they  hid  themselves  in  winter. 
Of  all  the  beasts  he  learned  the  language, 
Learned  their  names  and  all  their  secrets, 
How  the  beavers  built  their  lodges, 
Where  the  squirrels  hid  their  acorns, 
How  the  reindeer  ran  so  swiftly, 
Why  the  rabbit  was  so  timid. 

— Longfellow. 

XLVI. 

Queen  Elizabeth  helped  to  fit  out  several  companies  of 
men  who  made  settlements  in  America.  Sir  Francis  Drake 
was  the  first  Englishman  to  travel  around  the  world.  He 
first  explored  the  coast  of  California.  Upon  his  return 
to  England,  he  received  great  honors  from  the  Queen. 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  made  several  voyages  to  the  eastern 
coast  of  America. 

XLVII. 

In  1607,  Captain  John  Smith  came  with  three  vessels 
and  sailed  up  the  James  River.  He  selected  for  a  set- 
tlement a  place  which  was  called  Jamestown,  in  honor  of 
their  king.  Smith  made  friends  with  the  Indians  and 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  43 

governed  the  colony  wisely.  After  his  return  to  England 
there  was  much  suffering,  until  ships  came,  bringing  food 
and  clothing.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the  rich  and 
powerful  colony  of  Virginia. 

XLVIII. 

On  December  21,  1620,  the  Pilgrims  landed  on  Ply- 
mouth Rock.  They  built  houses  on  the  banks  of  a 
brook  and  surrounded  the  whole  town  with  a  stout, 
wooden  fence.  In  the  woods  were  deer  and  wild  turkeys, 
and  they  found  many  kinds  of  fish  in  the  sea,  so  that  at 
first  food  was  abundant ;  but  the  winter  was  very  severe, 
and  about  half  their  number  died  before  spring. 

XLIX. 

I  see  them,  escaped  from  these  perils,  pursuing  their  all 
but  desperate  undertaking,  and  landing  at  last,  after  five 
months'  passage,  on  the  ice  clad  rocks  of  Plymouth,  weak 
and  weary  from  the  voyage,  poorly  armed,  scantily  pro- 
visioned, depending  on  the  charity  of  their  ship-master  for 
a  draught  of  beer  on  board,  drinking  nothing  but  water 
on  shore,  without  shelter,  without  means,  surrounded  by 
hostile  tribes. — Edward  Everett. 


The  breaking  waves  dashed  high 

On  a  stern  and  rock-bound  coast ; 
And  the  woods  against  the  stormy  sky, 

Their  giant  branches  tossed  ; 

And  the  heavy  night  hung  dark 

The  hills  and  waters  o'er, 
When  a  band  of  exiles  moored  their  bark 

On  the  wild  New  England  shore. 

— Felicia  Hemans. 


44  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

LI. 

William  Penn  founded  a  city  named  Philadelphia,  which 
means  brotherly  love.  It  grew  rapidly  and  in  three 
years  had  six  hundred  houses.  Many  of  these  settlers 
were  Quakers.  Wharves  were  built  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  and  soon  many  ships  were  seen  there.  Philadelphia 
has  grown  to  be  one  of  the  largest  cities  of  America. 

LII. 

In  that  delightful    land   which  is   washed   by   the    Delaware's 

waters, 

Guarding  in  sylvan  shades  the  name  of  Penn,  the  apostle, 
Stands  on  the  banks  of  its  beautiful  stream  the  city  he  founded. 
There  all  the  air  is  balm  and  the  peach  is  the  emblem  of  beauty, 
And  the  streets  still  re-echo  the  names  of  the  trees  of  the  forest, 
As  if  they  fain  would  appease  the  Dryads  whose  haunts  they 

molested. 

—Longfellow. 

LIII. 

Life  in  old  colony  times  was  full  of  hardships.  The 
settlers  had  to  protect  themselves  from  the  Indians  and 
get  enough  to  eat  and  to  wear.  The  men  raised  hemp  and 
flax,  which  the  women  made  into  clothes  by  spinning  and 
knitting.  They  built  the  houses  of  logs  and  often  had 
but  two  rooms.  In  one  room  was  a  big  fireplace  where 
the  cooking  was  done.  In  the  other  were  the  beds  and  a 
ladder  which  led  up  to  the  garret. 

LIV. 

God  bless  our  Fathers'  Land  ! 
Keep  her  in  heart  and  hand 
One  with  our  own  ! 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  45 

From  all  her  foes  defend, 
Be  her  brave  People's  Friend, 
On  all  her  realms  descend, 
Protect  her  Throne  ! 

Lord,  let  War's  tempest  cease, 
Fold  the  whole  Earth  in  peace 

Under  Thy  wings! 
Make  all  Thy  nations  one, 
All  hearts  beneath  the  sun, 
Till  Thou  shalt  reign  alone, 

Great  King  of  kings. 

—O.  W.  Holmes. 

LV. 

In  those  days  people  met  on  Sunday  in  a  log  meeting- 
house. They  carried  their  rifles  with  them,  as  the  Indians 
sometimes  attacked  them  suddenly.  The  men  sat  upon 
benches  on  one  side  of  the  church  and  the  women  on  the 
other.  The  seats  were  not  comfortable  and  all  had  to  sit 
very  still.  The  school  house  also  was  made  of  logs  and 
was  warmed  by  a  wide  fireplace.  There  were  few  books, 
and  the  chief  studies  were  reading,  spelling  and  arithmetic. 

LVI. 

All  the  early  settlers  of  New  England  paid  great  atten- 
tion to  instructing  their  children,  first  at  home,  or  in  the 
ministers'  houses,  and  then  in  public  schools.  In  1647, 
the  Massachusetts  Colony  passed  a  law  providing  that  every 
township  of  fifty  householders  should  appoint  a  school- 
master to  teach  the  children  to  read  and  write ;  and  that 
his  wages  should  be  paid  by  the  parents,  or  the  public  at 
large,  according  to  the  decision  of  the  majority  of  the  in- 
habitants.— Campbell. 


46  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

LVII. 

Hail  to  the  land  whereon  we  tread, 

Our  fondest  boast  ; 
The  sepulchre  of  mighty  dead, 
The  truest  hearts  that  ever  bled, 
Who  sleep  on  glory's  brightest  bed, 

A  fearless  host ! 

No  slave  is  here — our  unchained  feet 
Walk  freely  as  the  waves  that  beat 

Our  coast. 

— /.  G.  Percival. 

LVIII. 

In  1765,  the  English  passed  a  law  laying  a  tax  on  every 
newspaper  and  public  document  used  in  the  colonies. 
The  people  were  very  angry  and  held  meetings  to  protest 
against  the  law.  They  refused  to  use  the  stamp  paper 
and  burned  it  on  the  wharves.  This  law  was  repealed  the 
following  year.  Parliament  next  aroused  bitter  feelings 
in  America  by  putting  a  duty  on  tea.  The  people  re- 
frained from  drinking  tea  and  threw  a  whole  cargo  of  it 
into  the  water  of  Boston  Harbor. 

LIX. 

The  voice  of  Patrick  Henry  from  the  mountains  an- 
swered that  of  James  Otis  by  the  sea.  Paul  Revere's  lan- 
tern shone  along  through  the  valley  of  the  Hudson  and 
flashed  along  the  cliffs  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  scattering 
volley  of  Lexington  Green  swelled  to  the  triumphant  thun- 
der of  Saratoga. — George  W.  Curtis. 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  4? 

LX. 

Then  marched  the  brave  from  rocky  steep, 

From  mountain  river  swift  and  cold  ; 
The  borders  of  the  stormy  deep, 
The  vales  where  gathered  waters  sleep, 
Sent  up  the  strong  and  bold. 

— Bryant, 

LXI. 

When  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which 
have  connected  them  with  another,  and  to  assume  among 
the  powers  of  the  earth  the  separate  and  equal  station  to 
which  the  laws  of  nature  and  nature's  God  entitle  them, 
a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that 
they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  sep- 
aration.—  Thomas  Jefferson. 

LXII. 

For  thee  we  daily  work  and  strive, 

To  thee  we  give  our  love, 
For  thee  with  fervor  deep  we  pray 

To  Him  who  dwells  above. 
O  God,  preserve  our  Fatherland  ! 

Let  peace  its  ruler  be, 
And  let  her  happy  kingdom  stretch 

From  north  to  southmost  sea. 

— Anna  Eichberg. 

LXIII. 

Books  are  our  most  steadfast  friends ;  they  are  our  re- 
source in  loneliness ;  they  go  with  us  on  our  journeys ; 
they  await  our  return  ;  they  are  our  best  company ;  they 
are  a  refuge  in  pain  ;  they  breathe  peace  upon  our  troubles  ; 


48  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

they  await  age  as  ministers  of  youth  and  cheer;  they 
bring  the  whole  world  of  men  and  things  to  our  feet ; 
they  put  us  in  the  centre  of  the  world. —  T.  T.  Hunger. 

LXIV. 

The  lovers  of  art  are  many,  but  the  active  intellect,  the 
creative  power — the  power  to  put  these  shapes  and  im- 
ages in  art,  to  embody  the  indefinite,  and  render  perfect 
— is  his  alone.  He  shares  the  gift  with  few.  He  knows 
not  even  whence  or  how  this  is.  He  knows  only  that  it 
is ;  that  God  has  given  him  the  power  which  has  been 
denied  to  others. — Longfellow  on  the  Artist. 

LXV. 

Blessings  on  thee,  little  man. 
Barefoot  boy  with  cheek  of  tan  ! 
With  thy  turned-up  pantaloons, 
And  thy  merry  whistled  tunes  ; 
With  thy  red  lips  redder  still 
Kissed  by  strawberries  on  the  hill ; 
With  the  sunshine  on  thy  face, 
Through  thy  torn  brim's  jaunty  grace  ; 
From  my  heart  I  wish  thee  joy, — 
I  was  once  a  barefoot  boy  ! 

—  Whittier. 

LXVI. 

Learn  to  be  good  readers,  which  is,  perhaps,  a  more 
difficult  thing  than  you  imagine.  Learn  to  be  discrim- 
inative in  your  reading ;  to  read  faithfully  and  with  your 
best  attention,  all  kinds  of  things  which  you  have  a  real 
interest  in — a  real,  not  an  imaginary — and  which  you  will 
find  to  be  really  fit  for  what  you  are  engaged  in. — Thomas 
Carlyle. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  49 

LXVII. 

Efforts  to  be  permanently  useful  must  be  uniformly 
joyous,  a  spirit  all  sunshine,  graceful  from  very  gladness, 
beautiful  because  bright. —  Thomas  Carlyle. 

The  talent  of  success  is  nothing  more  than  doing  what 
you  can  do  well,  and  doing  well  whatever  you  do,  without 
a  thought  of  fame. — Longfellow. 

LXVIII. 

The  relief  and  drainage  of  North  America  and  South 
America  are  similar.  Each  grand  division  has  a  low 
mountain-system  on  the  eastern  and  a  high  mountain-sys- 
tem on  the  western  border.  The  highest  mountains  are 
always  nearest  the  largest  ocean.  A  great  central  plain 
extends  from  north  to  south.  Compare  the  Mackenzie 
and  Orinoco  Rivers,  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Amazon  Riv- 
ers, and  the  Mississippi  and  Rio  de  la  Plata  Rivers. 

LXIX. 

The  American  eagle  can  view  the  relief  and  drainage 
of  the  United  States  from  the  sky.  He  sees  the  Atlantic 
Slope  and  Plain,  Appalachian  Mountains,  Basin  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  The  Plains,  Rocky  Mountains,  Basin 
Region,  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  and  the  Pacific  Slope. 
What  a  privileged  eagle !  He  is  wise,  yet  he  cannot  spell 
as  well  as  a  small  boy. 

LXX. 

The  Yosemite  Valley  is  a  deep  gorge  with  vertical 
walls  4,000  feet  high.  During  the  wet  season  it  abounds 
in  cascades  and  cataracts,  but  during  the  summer  many 


50  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

of  the  river  beds  are  dry.  The  Merced  River  plunges 
into  a  canon,  falling  2,600  feet  in  three  leaps.  Hundreds 
of  people  visit  the  valley  every  year  and  are  impressed 
with  the  grandeur  of  its  beautiful  scenery. 

LXXI. 

The  prairies  of  the  Mississippi  basin  yield  large  quan- 
tities of  grain.  The  hardy  wheat  is  grown  in  the  north 
and  corn  is  harvested  in  abundance  in  the  south.  Much 
of  the  region  is  treeless,  but  noT  barren.  The  soil  is 
compact  and  fertile.  Fearful  thunder  storms  sweep  over 
the  prairies,  and  destructive  tornadoes  damage  the  crops 
and  villages.  In  springtime  the  rivers  overflow  their 
banks  and  leave  a  deposit  of  fine,  rich  soil. 

LXXII. 

The  cotton  plant  requires  the  warm  season  and  the 
plentiful  rainfall  of  the  south  for  its  ripening.  The  seed 
is  surrounded  by  a  fuzzy  substance  known  as  the  cotton 
fibre.  A  superior  variety — the  sea  island  cotton — was  in- 
troduced into  the  United  States  from  the  Bahama  Islands. 
Who  invented  the  cotton  gin  ?  Can  you  tell  about  raw 
cotton  and  cotton-seed  oil  ?  The  water-power  of  New 
England  is  especially  adapted  to  the  cloth-making  indus- 
try. 

LXXIII. 

Shell  fish  are  among  the  valuable  food  products  of  the 
United  States.  Thousands  are  given  employment  in  the 
oyster  fisheries  of  Chesapeake  Bay.  Oysters  attach  them- 
selves to  various  substances, — stones,  shells,  or  drooping 
branches  of  trees — hence  the  saying  in  Venezuela,  "  Oys- 
ters grow  on  trees." 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  51 

LXXIV. 

Let  us  write  and  think  of  the  following :  clam,  lobster, 
mackerel,  salmon,  halibut,  shad,  cod,  bluefish,  herring, 
bass.  Can  you  name  lake  fish  ? 

The  Appalachian  Highlands  is  a  coal  yielding  district. 
Have  you  heard  the  remarkable  history  of  the  coal-beds 
— the  continued  process  of  centuries  ?  Successive  layers 
of  coal  have  been  found  buried  deep  in  the  earth.  Large 
quantities  of  soft  coal  are  changed  by  a  certain  process  to 
coke.  Charcoal  is  charred  wood.  It  resembles  true  coal 
in  color,  but  not  in  weight.  It  is  lighter  and  more  porous. 

LXXV. 

Gold  and  silver  are  called  precious  metals  because  of 
their  scarcity.  In  ancient  times  grains  and  nuggets  of 
gold  were  washed  from  the  mountain-sides  to  the  gravel- 
beds  below.  Troughs,  cleats,  grooves,  quartz,  and  quick- 
silver are  words  that  may  be  remembered  in  connection 
with  gold  mining.  Silver  is  rarely  found  in  a  pure  state, 
but  is  more  often  combined  with  other  minerals. 

LXXVI. 

The  loft}  structure,  the  lighthouse,  throws  its  friendly 
beams  across  the  raging  sea  to  warn  the  sailor  of  the 
sunken  rocks  and  treacherous  shoals.  The  ancient  Eddy- 
stone  lighthouse  was  a  hoop  and  lighted  candle.  The  mod- 
ern lighthouse  is  a  strong  electric  light,  condensed  into 
beams  more  powerful  than  a  million  candles.  Such  is  the 
progress  of  science.  Enterprise  goes  hand  in  hand  with 
knowledge. 


52  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

LXXVII. 

Among  the  principal  iron  regions  the  Lake  Superior 
district  ranks  first.  Its  ore  is  transported  by  means  of 
lake  steamers.  Iron  is  extracted  from  its  ore  by  means 
of  a  process  called  smelting.  Steel  is  refined  iron  used  in 
manufacturing  articles  that  must  withstand  great  strain 
or  pressure.  We  have  steel  knives,  pens,  rails  and  bicy- 
cle spokes ;  iron  stoves,  pipes,  bars  and  hydrants. 

LXXVIII^ 

The  avenue  seems  alive  with  cable  cars,  carriages  and 
pedestrians  as  we  journey  on  toward  that  imposing  na- 
tional structure,  the  Capitol.  Shall  we  visit  the  Senate 
Chamber  and  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives?  We 
enter  the  rotunda  and  are  impressed  with  the  wonderful 
fresco  decorating  the  canopy  over  our  heads?  George 
Washington  selected  the  site  of  the  city  of  Washington. 
Maryland  ceded  the  District  of  Columbia. 

SCIENCE. 

LXXIX. 

It  is  hard  to  number  the  parts  of  the  flower.  The  calyx 
is  the  outer  covering  :  its  separate  leaves  are  called  sepals. 
The  corolla  is  usually  made  up  of  a  number  of  petals. 
The  parts  of  the  stamens  are  the  filament  and  anther. 
The  parts  of  the  pistil  are  the  stigma,  style  and  ovary. 
Can  you  tell  the  use  of  the  pollen  ? 

LXXX. 

The  native  plants  of  certain  countries  often  find  distant 
homes.  Seeds  are  transported  in  various  ways.  The 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  53 

wind,  the  birds,  and  man  have  all  aided  in  the  trans- 
portation of  plant  life.  Some  seeds  are  provided  with 
wings.  The  breezes  carry  them  far  above  the  tree-tops 
and  lodge  them  among  new  surroundings.  The  geograph- 
ical distribution  of  plants  is  governed  by  the  climate  and 
the  distance  above  the  sea-level. 

LXXXI. 

Have  you  studied  the  apple  blossom  and  watched  the 
growth  of  the  ovary  of  the  flower?  How  the  wall  thick- 
ens! It  increases  its  dimensions  until  the  poor  little  seed 
is  lost  in  a  sphere  of  ripening  fruit.  Count  the  seeds  and 
the  partitions.  The  seeds  of  many  plants  furnish  food 
for  both  man  and  animals.  Barley,  wheat,  oats  and  rye 
are  among  the  cereals  cultivated  in  our  own  country. 

LXXXII. 

Air  occupies  space.  Prove  this  statement.  Invert  this 
empty  glass  and  plunge  it  slowly  into  a  larger  vessel 
nearly  full  of  water.  Observe  the  result.  Incline  the 
glass  and  see  the  bubbles  escape.  The  escaping  bubbles 
are  air  which  was  imprisoned  under  the  glass,  although, 
like  the  air  around  us,  it  is  invisible. 

LXXXIII. 

Air  exerts  pressure.  Apparatus  necessary — a  hollow 
glass  tube  closed  at  one  end  and  a  bowl  containing  water. 
Draw  air  from  the  tube  and  insert  it  in  the  bowl  of  water. 
We  are  convinced  by  this  simple  experiment -that  pressure 
of  air  is  very  perceptible.  Air  exerts  pressure  in  all  di- 
rections— upwards,  downwards  and  sideways.  Air  weighs 
upon  us  as  water  weighs  upon  the  fish. 


54  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

LXXXIV. 

Air  is  compressible  and  elastic.  The  first  experiment 
illustrates  the  compressibility  of  air.  Science  has  made 
use  of  the  properties  of  air  in  the  following  inventions  : 
compressed-air  motors,  pneumatic  tires,  air-cushions,  air- 
brakes, air-pumps,  water-pumps,  diving-bells,  barometers, 
balloons,  parachutes  and  flying-machines. 

LXXXV. 

Water  exerts  pressure  in  alir^iirections.  A  floating 
body  displaces  water  equal  to  its  own  weight.  Buoyant 
force  of  water  is  shown  by  the  transportation  of  sticks, 
seeds,  sands  and  pebbles  by  the  rivers  and  ocean  currents. 
Springs  and  artesian  wells  derive  their  supplies  from  higher 
altitudes.  How  often  we  use  the  lawn-sprinkler,  admire 
the  fountain,  drink  from  the  city  water  system  and  forget 
the  simple  law,  "  Water  seeks  its  own  level." 

LXXXVI. 

A  liquid  easily  changes  its  position,  but  the  molecules 
tend  to  cling  together.  Moisture  attracts  moisture. 
Water  will  flow  more  easily  over  a  wet  surface.  Water 
shows  a  tendency  to  pass  through  the  entire  substance 
of  a  porous  body.  Illustrate  with  a  sponge,  or  a  piece 
of  blotting  paper.  Why  do  we  put  stems  of  flowers  in 
water  and  expect  the  blossoms  to  revive  ? 

LXXXVII. 

Solids,  liquids  and  gases  expand  when  heated,  contract 
when  cooled.  Think  of  the  expansion  and  contraction  of 
iron  rails,  the  popping  of  corn  and  the  roasting  of  chest- 


THE   MORSE    SPELLER.  55 

nuts.  Iron,  lead,  gold,  silver  and  other  metals  may  be 
changed  to  liquids  by  the  application  of  heat.  When 
water  becomes  solid  it  expands.  Why  does  a  crack  in  a 
ledge  grow  wider  and  longer  each  year  ? 

LXXXVIII. 

The  hot  sunshine  causes  water  to  evaporate  and  fills 
the  air  with  moisture.  After  sunset  the  grass  becomes 
cool  more  quickly  than  the  atmosphere.  The  moisture 
coming  in  contact  with  the  cool  ground  collects  in  the 
form  of  dew.  Have  you  seen  dew  on  a  pitcher  of  ice- 
water  ?  Why  is  it  there  ?  A  cloud  of  moisture  strikes  a 
current  of  cold  air.  It  is  condensed  and  rain  falls.  When 
a  teapot  of  water  is  heated  to  the  boiling  point  the  con- 
fined steam  exerts  pressure.  Watch  the  cover.  It  smiles, 
opens  its  mouth,  and  talks  to  you. 


56 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


REVIEW  LESSONS. 


LXXXIX. 

XC. 

XCI. 

X.CII. 

per  form'ing 

health 

press 

in'ward 

task 

se'cret 

strife 

king'dom 

dil'i  gent 

hap'pi  ness 

un  shared' 

veg'e  ta  ble 

dis  turb' 

re  cess' 

un  blest' 

ob  tain' 

faith'ful  ly 

jump 

hoard 

prod'ucts 

ti'dy 

shout 

wor'thy 

ag'ri  cul  ture 

hand'led 

tired 

com  mand'ments 

in'ter  est  ing 

torn 

wom'en 

length 

el'e  ments 

slight 

breath 

mer'cy 

na'ture 

daily 

fig'ure 

truth 

mount'ain 

yield 

di'al 

for  sake' 

val'ley 

sor'row 

throb 

bind 

an'gry 

brave'ly 

no'blest 

neck 

drought 

to-mor'row 

ac  com'plish 

fa'vor 

bal'ance 

hab'it 

de  pend' 

un  der  stand'ing 

ex  tremes' 

ei'ther 

clothes 

to'ward 

har'mo  ny 

speak'ing 

rely' 

rath'er 

reign 

la'zy 

sail'or 

chos'en 

su  preme' 

char'ac  ter 

mer'chant 

rich'es 

im  por'tant 

bun'dle 

pro  vide' 

hu  mil'i  ty 

di'et 

tis'sue 

work'ers 

hon'or 

di'a  ry 

weave 

shun 

boast 

va'ries 

des'ti  ny 

a  mid' 

praise 

qual'i  ty 

reap 

scene 

stran'ger 

ac  cord'ing 

sown 

gen'er  ous 

Bi'ble 

old'-fash'ioned 

THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

57 

XCIII. 

XCIV. 

XCV. 

XCVI. 

churn 

sur  round'ed 

bot'tom 

south 

re  quired' 

shell 

is'lands 

march 

ma  chine' 

won'der  ful 

sand 

due 

min'ute 

curled 

des'ert 

ir  reg'u  lar 

pound 

breast 

mul'ti  plied 

shape 

nour'ish  ment 

dressed 

vis'it  ed 

pen  in'su  la 

an'cient 

be  tween'  " 

beach 

cape 

cul'ti  va  ted 

cast 

shore 

pro  ject'ing 

grape 

shad'ow 

shal'low 

coast 

dried 

edge 

reach 

prom'on  to  ry 

con  vert'ed 

cir'cle 

sea'weed 

joined 

rai'sins 

prove 

creat'ures 

nar'row 

va  ri'e  ty 

hap'pen 

abound' 

isth'mus 

eur'rants 

o'cean 

riv'er 

queer 

clus'ter 

sur'face 

lake 

mean'ing 

weight 

whol'ly 

fresh 

wool'ly 

thir'teen 

part'ly 

on'ly 

flat 

oun'ces 

sep'a  rate 

spawn 

nos'es 

Sep  tem'ber 

con'ti  nent 

de  pos'it 

thick 

lem'ons 

bor'row 

dip'per 

tea 

tru'ly 

show'er 

point'ers 

Ne'gro 

eight 

pas'sag  es 

north 

Chi  nese' 

plan'ets 

gulf 

east 

Turks 

con  tin'u  al  ly 

sound 

west 

Ar'abs 

whirling 

strait 

left 

Lapps 

58 

THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

XCVII. 

XCVIII. 

XCIX. 

C. 

Finns 

ab  sorb' 

twice    . 

cloud 

Es'qui  mos 

per'ish 

hy'dro  gen 

dew 

rein'deer 

stead'i  ly 

col'or  less 

his'to  ry 

meat 

toiled 

o'dor  less 

ex  plained' 

watch 

brief 

bal  loon' 

mon'ey 

growth 

be'ing 

burn'ing 

ves'sel 

ger'mi  nat  ing 

with'er 

match 

twelfth 

plant'let 

fade 

tube 

Oc  to'ber 

cot  y  le'dons 

com  posed' 

u  nite' 

re  ceived' 

fair'y 

ox'y  gen 

ex  plo'sion 

por'tion 

sprin'kle 

ni'tro  gen 

oc  cur' 

ev'i  dence 

low'ly 

fifth 

min'ers 

a  ware' 

drop'ping 

at'mos  phere 

mar'ble 

in  spired' 

moist'ure 

lev'el 

lime 

faith 

plu'mule 

dense 

car'bon 

sci'ence 

rad'i  cle 

rare 

di  ox'ide 

im  mor'tal 

pat'ter 

mo'tion 

ooze 

hail 

knock 

shak'ing 

grot'to 

set'tle  ment 

lore 

mill 

heav'i  er 

Au'gust 

creep'ing 

poi'son 

cir'cu  late 

col'o  ny 

shoot 

sup  port' 

lungs 

trade 

flesh'y 

com  bus'tion 

ex  hale' 

e'vil 

rad'ish 

pres'ence 

un  wise' 

en'e  mies 

beet 

in'flu  ence 

fro'zen 

fled 

car'rot 

blaze 

liq'uid 

re  lig'ion 

THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

59 

CI. 

CII. 

cm. 

CIV. 

grant'ed 

se  vere' 

syl'van 

com'fort  a  ble 

re  quest' 

es  caped' 

a  pos'tle 

a  rith'me  tic 

a  mongst' 

per'ils 

balm 

in  struct'ing 

lan'guage 

pur  su'ing 

em'blem 

min'is  ter 

bea'ver 

des'per  ate 

re-ech'o 

town'ship 

lodge 

un  der  tak'ing 

fain 

de  cis'ion 

swift'ly 

pas'sage 

ap  pease' 

ma  jor'i  ty 

rab'bit 

ice'-clad 

haunts 

in  hab'it  ants 

tim'id 

wea'ry 

mo  lest'ed 

tread 

com'pa  nies 

scant'i  ly 

hardships 

fond'est 

trav'el 

pro  vis'ioned 

hemp 

sep'ul  chre 

ex  plore' 

de  pending 

raised 

slave 

voy'age 

char'i  ty 

flax 

un  chained' 

se  lect'ed 

draught 

spin'ning 

news'pa  per 

gov'erned 

board 

knit'ting 

doc'u  ment 

sev'er  al 

hos'tile 

lad'der 

pro  test' 

suffer  ing 

gi'ant 

gar'ret 

.  re  fused' 

be  gin'ning 

tossed 

realm 

stamp 

pow'er  f  ul 

ex'iles 

de  scend' 

re  pealed' 

De  cem'ber 

moored 

tem'pest 

par'lia  ment 

brook 

broth'er  ly 

cease 

a  roused' 

stout 

hun'dred 

be  neath' 

re  frained' 

fence 

rap'id  ly 

ri'fles 

car'go 

tur'key 

wharves 

at  tacked' 

har'bor 

abun'dant 

guarding 

sud'den  ly 

lan'tern 

60 

THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

CV. 

CVI. 

CVII. 

CVIII. 

flashed 

em  bod'y 

cen'tral 

de  pos'it 

cliffs 

in  def'i  nite 

com  pare' 

cot'ton 

scat'ter  ing 

de  nied' 

ea'gle 

pleri'ti  ful 

swelled 

bles'sing 

priv'i  leged 

rain'fall 

tri  umph'ant 

bare'foot 

gorge 

rip'en  ing 

thun'der 

pan  ta  loons' 

ver'ti  cal 

fuz'zy 

course 

whis'tled 

cas  cades' 

sub'stance 

nec'es  sa  ry 

straw'ber  ries 

cat'a  racts 

fi'bre 

dis  solve' 

jaun'ty 

plunge 

su  pe'ri  or 

po  lit'ic  al 

dif'fi  cult 

caft'on 

in  tro  duced' 

de'cent 

im  ag'ine 

leap 

in  vent'ed 

re  spect' 

dis  crim'i  na  tive 

grand'eur 

cot'ton-gin 

o  pin'ion 

at  ten'tion 

prai'ries 

es  pe'cial  ly 

fer'vor 

en  gaged' 

quan'ti  ties 

a  dapt'ed 

pre  serve' 

efforts 

har'vest  ed 

in'dus  try 

stretch 

per'ma  nent  ly 

tree'less 

shell'-fish 

south'most 

u'ni  form  ly 

bar'ren 

thou'sands 

steadfast 

glad'ness 

re'gion 

em  ploy'ment 

re  source' 

tal'ent 

com  pact' 

oys'ter 

lone'li  ness 

sue  cess' 

fer'tile 

fish'er  ies 

jour'ney 

re  lief 

sweep 

at  tach' 

refuge 

drain'age 

de  struc'tive 

lob'ster 

troub'le 

sim'i  lar 

tor  na'does 

clam 

in'tel  lect 

di  vis'ion 

dam'age 

mack'er  el 

im'age 

sys'tem 

crops 

salm'on 

THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


61 


CIX. 

ex. 

CXI. 

CXII. 

cod'fish 

min'er  al 

bi'cy  cle 

style 

shad 

com  bined' 

spoke 

wa'ry 

blue'fish 

struct'ure 

hy'drants 

pol'len 

her'ring 

throws 

av'e  nue 

breeze 

bass 

treach'er  ous 

ca'ble 

geographical 

dis'trict 

shoals 

car'riag  es 

cli'mate 

re  mark'a  ble 

e  lec'tric 

pe  des'tri  an 

dis  tri  bu'tion 

con  tin'ued 

con  densed' 

im  pos'ing 

sea'-lev  el 

proc'ess 

mod'ern 

na'tion  al 

in  crease' 

cent'u  ries 

mil'lion 

cap'i  tol 

di  men'sion 

sue  ces'sive 

can'dle 

sen'ate 

sphere 

lay'ers 

en'ter  prise 

rep  re  sent'a  tives 

bar'ley 

coke 

knowledge 

fres'co 

par  ti'tion 

char'coal  . 

prin'ci  pal 

dec'o  rat  ing 

ce're  al 

charred 

i'ron 

can'o  py 

oc'cu  pies 

por'ous 

trans  port'ed 

site 

state'ment 

re  sem'bles 

steam'ers 

ca'lyx 

in  vert' 

pre'cious 

ex  tract'ed 

se'pals 

emp'ty 

scar'ci  ty 

smelting 

co  rol'la 

ob  serve' 

nug'gets 

steel 

pet'als 

in  cline' 

grav'el 

re  fined' 

sta'mens 

bub'bles 

trough 

man  u  fact'ur  ing 

fil'a  ment 

in  vis'i  ble 

cleats 

ar'ti  cle 

an'ther 

ap  pa  ra'tus 

quick'sil  ver 

with  stand' 

pis'til 

hol'low 

con  nec'tion 

pres'sure 

stig'ma 

bowl 

62 

THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

CXIII. 

CXIV. 

cxv. 

CXVI. 

con  vinced' 

cur'rents 

con'tact 

Eng'lish 

ex  per'i  ment 

ar  te'  sian 

pitch'er 

French 

per  cep'ti  ble 

de  sire' 

strike 

Spanish 

di  rec'tions 

al'ti  tudes 

con  densed' 

Dutch 

up'ward 

sprink'ler 

corrfined' 

Quak'er 

down'ward 

ad  mire' 

steam 

Pil'grim 

side'ways 

fount'ain 

Ven  e  zue'la 

Hud'son 

com  pres'si  ble 

eas'i  ly 

Lake  Su  pe'  ri  or 

Mis  sis  sip'pi 

il  lus'trates 

mol'e  cules 

Washington 

St.  Law'rence 

com  pres  si  bil'i  ty 

to  geth'er 

Na'ples 

O  ri  no'co 

prop'er  ties 

tend'en  cy 

Ham'burg 

Mac  ken'zie 

in  ven'tions 

sponge 

Sar  a  to'ga 

Ap  pal  a'chi  an 

mo'tor 

blot'ting 

Lex'ing  ton 

Yo  sem'i  te 

pneu  mat'ic 

blos'soms 

Vir  gin'i  a 

Ches'a  peake 

tires 

re  vive' 

Plym'outh 

Pa  cif'ic 

cushions 

ex  pand' 

Phil  a  del'phi  a 

At  lan'tic 

brakes 

con  tract' 

Greenland 

Co  lum'bus 

pumps 

ex  pan'sion 

Ice'land 

Ra'leigh 

div'ing 

pop'ping 

Fin'land 

E  liz'a  beth 

ba  rom'e  ters 

roast'ing 

No'va  Sco'ti  a 

Pat'rick  Hen'ry 

par'a  chutes 

chest'nuts 

St.  Au'gus  tine' 

Fran'cis  Drake 

float'ing 

met'als 

Cal  i  for'ni  a 

Del'a  ware 

dis  place' 

ap  pli  ca'tion 

Mas  sa  chu'setts  James'town 

buoy'ant 

ledge 

Ma'ry  land 

Paul  Re  vere' 

trans  por  ta'tion 

at'mos  phere 

Spain 

James  O'tis 

THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


63 


SELECTED   WORDS. 

To  be  written  in  sentences  by  the  pupil. 


dai'ly 

tale 

chis'el 

cuffs 

brain 

ber'ry 

grat'er 

broom 

waist 

grown 

un  til' 

bed'stead 

an'kle 

quick 

bus'i  ly 

spool 

love'ly 

rel'a  tive 

strain'er 

lounge 

toes 

war 

stain 

lin'en 

knees 

shout 

col'an  der 

serve 

el'bow 

sneeze 

hymn 

cloak 

thumb 

latch 

cis'tern 

bon'net 

throat 

float 

drqwn 

but'tons 

eye'brow 

bub'ble 

weave 

fringe 

palm 

fur'nace 

quilt 

par'a  sol 

bait 

cent 

screen 

neck'tie 

beg'gar 

shov'el 

nee'dle 

flan'nel 

stroke 

shav'ings 

berth 

wool'en 

mod'el 

hy'drant 

lim'it 

stn'gle 

wife 

sieve 

thim'ble 

tacks 

fam'i  ly 

toast'er 

blank'et 

peel 

muse 

boil'er 

fowl 

jacket 

noise 

barrel 

vas'es 

leg'gings 

fast'en 

wire 

has'sock 

lay'er 

or'phan 

oven 

earn 

er'rand 

scale 

plane 

tum'bler 

muff 

leak 

ham'mer 

doi'ly 

boil 

wed'ding 

sauce'pan 

mat'tress 

pars'nips 

64 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


beets 

par'cel 

pas'tor 

ca'ble 

sal'ad 

trav'el  er 

or'gan  ist 

har'bor 

cloves 

cloud'y 

so  pra'no 

pump 

quin'ces 

bun'dle 

ten'or 

fir'kin 

car'a  way 

an'vil 

bass 

cel'lar 

puz'zle 

ad  vice' 

alto 

ash'es 

wring 

al'tar 

shield 

cin'der 

gallop 

bruise 

dag'ger 

crack'er 

a'pri  cots 

mal'let 

pray'er 

pok'er 

guide 

gim'let 

stew'ard 

fel'low 

cit'ron 

glance 

steer'  age 

pul'let 

gin'ger 

pin'cers 

cab'in 

put'ty 

lane 

square 

bul'let 

el'bow 

lem  on  ade' 

don'keys 

pat'tern 

shoul'der 

dough'nuts 

pup'pies 

pi'lot 

a'pron 

ven'i  son 

kit'tens 

helm 

chis'e! 

sar  dine' 

hoof 

sur'face 

saw 

tru'ant 

screw'-driv  er 

rud'der 

vise 

pro  mote' 

wrink'le 

cap'tain 

bench 

district 

thrush 

bu'gle 

forge 

veins 

pan'ther 

con  sent' 

an'vil 

hal'ter 

leop'ard 

chap'el 

stead'y 

mur'mur 

giraffe' 

sug  gest' 

wil'ling 

pack'age 

wreath 

shoe'ing 

civ'il 

chil'ly 

ves'try 

bea'ver 

sim'ple 

PART  III. 


i. 

The  excellent  commercial  advantages  of  Greece  are  due 
to  the  irregularity  of  her  coast  line.  Greece's  ancient  or- 
ators and  philosophers  were  unrivaled.  Her  architecture 
has  been  studied  for  centuries.  By  excavations  made  in 
various  portions  of  the  country,  much  has  been  learned 
of  her  ancient  cities,  temples  and  statues.  The  Greek  ed- 
ucation consisted  chiefly  in  the  study  of  music  and  physi- 
cal training. 

II. 

The  isles  of  Greece  !    The  isles  of  Greece  ! 

Where  burning  Sappho  loved  and  sung, — 
Where  grew  the  arts  of  war  and  peace, — 

Where  Delos  rose  and  Phoebus  sprung  ! 
Eternal  summer  gilds  them  yet, 
But  all  except  the  sun  is  set. 

— Lord  Byron. 

III. 

Land  of  bards  and  heroes,  hail ! 

Land  of  gods  and  god-like  men. 
Thine  were  hearts  that  could  not  quail, 

Earth  was  glorious  then  ; 
Thine  were  souls  that  dared  be  free  ; 
Power,  and  fame,  and  liberty. 

— /.   G.  Percival. 
65 


66  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

IV. 

Italy  is  often  called  the  treasure  house  of  Europe.  Un- 
der the  fair  Italian  skies  can  be  found  famous  monuments 
of  antiquity.  The  Colosseum,  the  Forum  and  the  Pan- 
theon are  relics  of  an  ancient  city  that  stood  on  its  seven 
hills.  Rome  is  situated  in  a  plain  through  which  flows 
the  sluggish,  muddy  Tiber.  St.^Peter's  at  Rome  is  the 
largest  cathedral  in  the  world.  The  Vatican  is  the  home 
of  the  Pope.  An  interesting  story  is  told  in  connection 
with  the  erection  of  the  obelisk. 

V. 

The  Roman  Empire  attained  its  greatest  splendor  un- 
der the  Emperor  Augustus.  The  Empire  was  bounded 
by  the  Euphrates  on  the  east,  the  Danube  and  the  Rhine 
on  the  north,  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  the  west,  and  the 
deserts  of  Africa  on  the  south.  It  comprised  one  hun- 
dred different  nations,  each  speaking  its  own  language 
and  worshiping  its  own  gods.  It  was  an  age  of  general 
peace  and  prosperity.  During  this  period  Jesus  Christ 
was  born. 

VI. 

True  greatness,  first  of  all,  is  a  thing  of  the  heart.  It 
is  all  alive  with  robust  and  generous  sympathies.  It  is 
neither  behind  its  age,  nor  too  far  before  it.  It  is  up  with 
its  age,  and  ahead  of  it  only  just  so  far  as  to  be  able  to 
lead  its  march.  It  cannot  slumber,  for  activity  is  a  ne- 
cessity of  its  existence.  It  is  no  reservoir,  but  a  human 
fountain. — Hitchcock. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  67 

VII. 

England,  Scotland  and  Wales  are  included  in  Great 
Britain.  Ireland,  and  many  of  the  oceanic  islands,  are 
governed  by  her  laws.  England  has  established  her  col- 
onies in  America,  Europe,  Asia,  Africa  and  Australia. 
The  sun  never  sets  upon  the  entire  English  dominion. 
Sir  Walter  Scott  has  written  much  about  the  wild  and  ro- 
mantic scenery  of  Scotland.  His  home,  Abbotsford,  is 
near  the  ruins  of  Melrose  Abbey.  Great  Britain  main- 
tains the  largest  navy  in  the  world. 

VIII. 

The  early  inhabitants  of  Britain  lived  in  caves.  Their 
tools,  made  of  stone  and  bronze,  are  found  in  mounds  with 
their  bones.  They  were  a  tall  and  well-formed  race.  The 
Britons  were  brave  and  fought  chiefly  from  chariots  drawn 
by  horses.  Fifty-five  years  before  the  birth  of  Christ, 
Julius  Caesar  visited  Britain.  A  century  later  the  Ro- 
mans conquered  the  country.  There  are  to  be  seen  in 
England  many  traces  of  the  Romans,  in  the  form  of  ruined 
walls,  fragments  of  tiled  floors,  and  roads  built  of  stone. 

IX. 

About  four  hundred  years  after  the  Roman  invasion 
several  Teutonic  tribes  of  Northern  Europe  entered  Brit- 
ain. A  little  later  came  the  Saxons.  It  is  supposed  that 
the  early  Britons  were  nearly  all  destroyed.  The  Eng- 
lish language  contains  many  Latin  words,  but  is  largely 
derived  from  the  speech  of  the  Teutonic  tribes.  During 
this  early  period  there  were  many  wars  in  England.  When 
the  Danes  invaded  England  in  the  ninth  century,  they 
had  to  contend  with  brave  warriors. 


68  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

X. 

In  the  year  1066,  Duke  William  of  Normandy  brought 
an  army  across  the  English  channel  to  attack  England. 
He  was  victorious  in  a  battle  fought  near  Hastings.  In 
five  years  he  had  completed  the  conquest.  Under  King 
William,  England,  for  the  first  time,  became  a  united  na- 
tion. During  his  reign  great  Cathedral  churches  were 
planned  and  built.  His  son,  William,  built  the  old  West- 
minster Hall  in  London. 


XI. 


Hugged  in  the  clinging  billow's  clasp, 

From  seaweed  fringe  to  mountain  heather, 
The  British  oak  with  rooted  grasp 

Her  slender  handful  holds  together  ; — 
With  cliffs  of  white  and  bowers  of  green, 

And  ocean  narrowing  to  caress  her, 
And  hills  and  threaded  streams  between, — 

Our  little  mother  isle,  God  bless  her ! 

— Holmes. 

XII. 

Queen  Victoria  came  to  the  throne  in  1837.  During 
her  reign  the  English  nation  has  made  rapid  progress  in 
wealth  and  influence.  Many  reforms  have  been  instituted 
and  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  common  people  have 
been  greatly  extended.  The  House  of  Commons  no 
longer  represents  the  owners  of  land  and  the  rich  alone, 
but  the  entire  people  of  the  kingdom.  The  Hon.  William 
E.  Gladstone  was  for  many  years  a  leader  of  the  liberal 
movement. 


THE  MORSE   SPELLER.  69 

XIII. 

England  is  a  domestic  country.  Here  the  home  is  re- 
vered and  the  hearth  sacred.  The  nation  is  represented 
by  a  family — the  Royal  family — and  if  that  family  is  edu- 
cated with  a  sense  of  responsibility  and  a  sentiment  of 
public  duty,  it  is  difficult  to  exaggerate  the  salutary  influ- 
ence it  may  exercise  over  a  nation. — DisraelL 

XIV. 

The  English,  from  the  great  prevalence  of  moral  habits 
throughout  every  class  of  society,  have  always  been  fond 
of  those  festivals  and  holidays  which  agreeably  interrupt 
the  stillness  of  country  life  ;  and  they  were  in  former  days 
particularly  observant  of  the  religious  and  social  rites  of 
Christmas.  It  is  inspiring  to  read  even  the  dry  details 
which  some  antiquarians  have  given  to  the  quaint  humors, 
the  burlesque  pageants,  the  complete  abandonment  to 
mirth  and  good-fellowship,  with  which  this  festival  was 
celebrated.  It  seemed  to  throw  open  every  door  and  un- 
lock every  heart. —  Washington  Irving. 

XV. 

She,  beloved  for  a  kindliness 
Rare  in  Fable  or  History, 
Queen,  and  Empress  of  India, 
Crown' d  so  long  with  a  diadem, 
Never  worn  by  a  worthier, 
Now  with  prosperous  auguries 
Comes  at  last  to  the  bounteous 
Crowning  year  of  her  Jubilee, 


70  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

Queen  true  to  womanhood  as  Queenhood, 
Glorying  in  the  glories  of  her  people, 
Sorrowing  with  sorrows  of  the  lowest. 

— Tennyson. 

XVI. 

France  is  a  republic.  The  majority  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Roman  Catholics.  The  latitude  of  France  corresponds 
to  New  England,  but  the  climate  is  milder.  Warm  winds 
from  the  Mediterranean  and  the  Atlantic  modify  the  tem- 
perature. An  endless  variety  of  articles  is  manufactured 
in  the  leading  towns  and  cities  of  France.  Bayonets  were 
so  called  from  the  city  of  Bayonne,  where  they  were  first 
manufactured. 

XVII. 

In  France  are  many  old  and  interesting  cities.  In 
Rouen  one  can  see  the  old  tower  in  which  Joan  of  Arc 
was  once  a  prisoner.  Here,  also,  is  an  old  church  that 
existed  in  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror.  Paris,  sit- 
uated on  the  river  Seine,  is  noted  for  its  art  galleries  and 
broad  avenues.  In  the  old  churches  and  palaces  are  to  be 
seen  many  monuments  of  the  old  French  monarchy. 

XVIII. 

Of  all  the  great  names  of  France,  that  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte  is  most  noted.  His  ability  as  a  general  was 
only  excelled  by  his  ambition.  He  vanquished  the  armies 
of  continental  Europe.  He  inspired  fear  in  the  minds  of 
sovereigns.  The  worst  defeat  he  suffered  was  on  the  storm- 
swept  plains  of  Russia.  Here  his  army  was  destroyed.  At 
Waterloo  he  was  only  defeated. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  71 

XIX. 

Finally,  in  place  of  those  innumerable  warriors,  of  their 
four  hundred  thousand  comrades,  who  had  been  so  often 
their  partners  in  victory,  and  who  had  dashed  onward  with 
so  much  pride  and  joy  into  the  territory  of  Russia,  they 
now  saw  issuing  from  these  pale  and  frozen  deserts  only  a 
thousand  infantry  and  horsemen  still  under  arms,  nine 
cannon,  and  twenty  thousand  miserable  wretches,  covered 
with  rags,  with  downcast  looks,  hollow  eyes,  cadaverous 
and  livid  complexions,  and  long  beards  matted  with  frost. 
— Sigur. 

XX. 

There  was  a  sound  of  revelry  by  night, 

And  Belgium's  capital  had  gathered  then 
Her  beauty  and  her  chivalry,  and  bright 

The  lamps  shone  o'er  fair  women  and  brave  men  ; 
A  thousand  hearts  beat  happily  ;  and  when 

Music  arose  with  its  voluptuous  swell, 
Soft  eyes  looked  love  to  eyes  which  spake  again, 

And  all  went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell. 
But  hush  !  hark  !  a  deep  sound  strikes  like  a  rising  knell  ! 

— Byron. 

XXL 

The  German  Empire  is  about  the  size  of  Texas.  Eight 
millions  of  the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  tilling  the  soil. 
They  are  intelligent,  ingenious  and  thrifty.  Every  Ger- 
man youth  is  compelled  by  law  to  serve  in  the  army  from 
one  to  three  years.  The  vineyards  of  the  Rhine  are 
famous.  Germany  surpasses  all  other  countries  in  the 
manufacture  of  steel.  Hundreds  of  public  buildings  and 


72  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

palaces  are  grouped  around  the  numerous  squares  of  Ber- 
lin. Scientific  schools,  libraries  and  museums  of  art  make 
Berlin  one  of  the  chief  centres  of  learning. 

XXII. 

In  1870,  at  the  battle  of  Sedan,  King  William  I.  of  Ger- 
many defeated  Napoleon  III.  and  captured  his  army.  Paris 
soon  surrendered  and  the  German  army  entered  the  city. 
It  was  soon  after  this  event  that  the  states  of  Germany  were 
united  in  the  German  Empire.  '  Prince  Bismarck  was  influ- 
ential in  bringing  about  this  result.  The  Emperor  Fred- 
erick, who  lived  to  reign  only  a  few  weeks,  was  greatly 
beloved  throughout  the  Fatherland.  The  banks  of  the 
river  Rhine  are  lined  with  vineyards  and  the  ruins  of  an- 
cient castles. 

XXIII. 

The  castled  crag  of  Drachenfels 

Frowns  o'er  the  wide  and  winding  Rhine, 
Whose  breast  of  waters  broadly  swells 

Between  the  banks  which  bear  the  vine  ; 
And  hills  all  rich  with  blossomed  trees, 

And  fields  which  promise  corn  and  wine, 
And  scattered  cities  crowning  these, 

Whose  far  white  walls  along  them  shine, 
Have  strewed  a  scene,  which  I  should  see 

With  double  joy  wert  thou  with  me. 

— Byron. 

XXIV. 

Russia  in  Europe  and  Russia  in  Asia  cover  a  vast  terri- 
tory. Central  Russia  yields  abundant  supplies  of  timber. 
South  of  the  forests  is  a  succession  of  vast  plains  called 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  73 

steppes.  Most  of  the  inland  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of 
an  annual  fair  at  Lower  Novgorod,  where  millions  of  dollars 
are  exchanged  yearly.  St.  Petersburg,  Moscow,  Warsaw 
and  Odessa  are  important  centres  of  trade.  Stories  of  the 
Siberian  exiles  have  been  published  in  The  Century. 

XXV. 

The  Russian  Empire,  when  compared  with  the  other 
great  nations  of  Europe,  seems  to  be  far  behind  in  those 
elements  which  constitute  civilization.  Its  constitution 
places  little  restraint  upon  the  absolute  will  of  the  Czar. 
The  people  have  no  voice  in  legislation.  This  occasions 
much  dissatisfaction,  and  men  are  continually  plotting 
against  the  existing  order.  Those  suspected  of  political 
crimes  are  punished  with  the  greatest  severity. 

XXVI. 

All  eyes  are  fixed  upon  the  Russian  bear,  cautiously  and 
steadily  prowling  toward  the  south  and  east.  Austria  hun- 
grily watches  the  Balkan  provinces,  over  which  the  paw 
of  the  bear  already  hovers.  Italy,  with  hate  and  suspi- 
cion, has  eyes  riveted  upon  her  hereditary  enemy,  Austria. 
France,  never  for  a  moment  forgetting  Alsace  and  Lor- 
raine, watches  her  opportunity  with  Germany,  and  draws 
into  closer  affinity  with  Russia. — Mary  Parmele. 

XXVII. 

I  have  no  idea  of  a  liberty  unconnected  with  honesty 
and  justice.  Nor  do  I  believe  that  any  good  constitutions 
of  government  or  of  freedom  can  find  it  necessary  for  their 


74  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

security  to  doom  any  part  of  the  people  to  a  permanent 
slavery.  Such  a  constitution  of  freedom,  if  such  can  be, 
is  in  effect  no  more  than  another  name  for  tyranny  of  the 
strongest  faction. — Burke. 


XXVIII. 

Asia  is  the  largest  and  most  densely  populated  conti- 
nent ;  the  land  of  the  highest  mountains  and  the  broadest 
plateaus ;  and  the  home  of  the  oldest  and  most  peculiar 
nations.  Historical  traditions  point  to  Asia  as  the  birth- 
place of  man.  The  fiercest  animals  and  the  most  precious 
minerals  are  found  in  Asia.  Asia  possesses  a  variety  of 
climate.  Siberia  is  the  coldest,  Arabia  the  hottest,  and 
India  the  most  humid  country  in  the  world. 

O'er  Arabia's  desert  sands 

The  patient  camel  walks, 
Mid  lonely  caves  and  rocky  lands 

The  fell  hyena  stalks. 

— Aikin. 

XXIX. 

The  Scripture  mentions  the  Garden  of  Eden  as  situa- 
ted in  the  valleys  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris  rivers. 
Palestine  reminds  us  of  the  stories  of  the  life  and  death  of 
Jesus  of  Nazareth.  Centered  within  and  around  Asia 
Minor  are  numerous  sites  where  figured  many  incidents  in 
the  early  history  of  mankind.  The  Arabian  Desert  is  the 
scene  of  the  wanderings  of  the  Israelites  under  their  leader, 
who  was  forbidden  entrance  to  the  land  of  Canaan. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  75 

XXX. 

By  Nebo's  lonely  mountain, 

On  this  side  Jordan's  wave, 
In  the  vale  in  the  land  of  Moab 

There  lies  a  lonely  grave. 
And  no  man  knows  that  sepulchre 

And  no  man  saw  it  e'er, 
For  the  angels  of  God  upturned  the  sod 

And  laid  the  dead  man  there. 

XXXI. 

That  was  the  grandest  funeral 

That  ever  passed  on  earth  ; 
But  no  man  heard  the  trampling, 

Or  saw  the  train  go  forth. 
So  without  sound  of  music, 

Or  voice  of  them  that  wept, 
Silently  down  from  the  mountain's  crown 

The  great  procession  swept. 

— Cecil  Frances  Alexander. 

XXXII. 

Africa  is  distinguished  by  its  deserts,  magnificent  rivers, 
luxuriant  vegetation,  gigantic  animals,  and  barbarous 
races.  Fierce  simoons  sweep  over  the  Sahara  Desert. 
Men  and  animals  lie  with  faces  to  the  ground  to  avoid 
suffocation.  Camels,  freighted  with  merchandise,  journey 
across  the  desert.  Much  of  the  continent  of  Africa  is  un- 
explored. 

Regions  immense,  unsearchable,  unknown  ; 
Bask  in  the  splendor  of  the  solar  zone,— 
A  world  of  wonders,  where  creation  seems 
No  more  the  work  of  Nature,  but  her  dreams. 

— James  Montgomery. 


76  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

XXXIII. 

Hail  Egypt !  land  of  ancient  pomp  and  pride, 
Where  Beauty  walks  by  hoary  Ruin's  side  ; 
Where  plenty  reigns,  and  still  the  seasons  smile, 
And  rolls — rich  gift  of  God  ! — exhaustless  Nile. 

— Nicholas  Mlcheli. 

Egypt  is  traversed  by  the  Nile  River.  Clouds  are  sel- 
dom seen  in  the  lower  valley.  Among  the  mountains  of 
Abyssinia  the  rain  comes  down  in  torrents,  causing  the 
overflow  of  the  Nile.  When  the  water  subsides,  a  rich  sed- 
iment covers  the  soil. 

XXXIV. 

Mysterious  flood — that  through  the  silent  sands 

Hast  wandered  century  on  century, 
Watering  the  length  of  green  Egyptian  lands, 

Which  were  not  but  for  thee. 

Thou  givest  blessings  as  a  god  might  give, 

Whose  being  is  his  bounty  :  from  the  slime 
Shaken  from  off  thy  skirts  the  nations  live, 

Through  all  the  years  of  Time. 

— Bayard  Taylor. 

XXXV. 

The  ancient  Egyptians  were  highly  civilized  people. 
Paintings  remain  as  bright  to-day  as  when  executed  by  the 
artists.  Mummified  bodies  are  found  in  the  catacombs. 
The  sphinx  and  pyramids  are  among  the  world's  wonders. 

Still  through  Egypt's  desert  places 

Flows  the  lordly  Nile, 
From  its  banks  the  great  stone  faces 

Gaze  with  patient  smile  ; 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  77 

Still  the  Pyramids  imperious 

Pierce  the  cloudless  skies, 
And  the  Sphinx  stares  with  mysterious, 

Solemn,  stony  eyes. 

— Longfellow. 

XXXVI. 

Australia  is  encircled  by  mountains  of  moderate  eleva- 
tion. The  interior  is  diversified  with  sand  wastes,  steppe 
lakes,  and  salt  marshes.  A  most  peculiar  animal  is  the 
kangaroo.  The  female  carries  her  young  in  a  kind  of 
pocket  called  a  pouch.  There  are  few  pouched  animals 
in  existence.  In  some  regions  of  Australia  the  climate  is 
delightful. 

There  is  a  land  where  summer  skies 
Are  gleaming  with  a  thousand  dyes, 
Blending  in  witching  harmonies  ; 
And  grassy  knoll  and  forest  height 
Are  flushing  in  the  rosy  light, 
And  all  above  is  azure  bright — 

Australia ! 


XXXVII. 

The  earth  is  a  sphere,  8,000  miles  in  diameter,  and 
25,000  miles  in  circumference.  The  sun,  moon  and  stars 
apparently  move  from  east  to  west.  In  reality  the  earth  is 
constantly  rotating  on  its  axis  from  west  to  east.  The 
earth's  orbit  is  technically  called  an  ellipse.  Accurately 
computed,  the  earth  completes  its  annual  revolution 
round  the  sun  in  365  days,  5  hours,  48  minutes,  and  50 
seconds. 


78  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

XXXVIII. 

The  Arctic  Circle,  Tropic  of  Cancer,  Tropic  of  Capri- 
corn and  Antarctic  Circle  are  parallel  to  the  Equator. 
Can  we  comprehend  the  extent  and  vastness  of  a  bound- 
less expanse  enclosed  by  imaginary  circles  thousands  of 
miles  in  circumference  ? 

While  fancy,  like  the  fingers  of  a  clock, 
Runs  the  great  circuit  and  is  still  at  home. 

— Cowfier. 

XXXIX. 

The  zones  are,  North  Frigid  Zone,  North  Temperate 
Zone,  Torrid  Zone,  South  Temperate  Zone  and  South 
Frigid  Zone.  Small  circles  divide  the  earth  into  five 
zones,  and  meridian  circles  mark  the  latitude  and  longi- 
tude of  cities  inhabited  by  millions  of  people. 

Sail  on,  ye  stately  ships, 

And  with  your  floating  bridge,  the  ocean  span  ; 
Be  yours  to  bring  man  nearer  unto  man  ! 

— Longfellow. 

XL. 

The  organs  of  circulation  are  the  heart  and  blood-ves- 
sels. The  blood-vessels  are  distinguished  as  arteries,  cap- 
illaries and  veins.  The  heart  may  be  called  a  hollow 
muscle  of  four  cavities,  two  auricles  and  two  ventricles. 
The  cavities  contain  arterial  and  venous  blood.  Arteries 
carry  blood  from,  and  veins  return  blood  to,  the  heart. 
Capillaries  form  a  medium  of  communication  between 
veins  and  arteries  The  heart  contracts  with  regularity, 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  79 

expelling  the  blood  it  contains  with  such  force  as  to  pro- 
duce the  shocks  easily  felt  in  the  arteries  near  the  skin — 
at  the  temples  and  wrists.  Physicians  feel  the  pulse  to 
ascertain  the  action  of  the  heart. 

XLI. 

The  heart — first  to  live  and  last  to  die — is  never  idle. 
It  is  a  faithful,  diligent  servant.  The  blood,  once  forced 
into  the  aorta,  is  not  permitted  to  return  before  accom- 
plishing the  duties  assigned.  Valves  may  furnish  resting- 
places,  the  blood's  motion  must  be  onward  to  the  journey's 
end.  With  work  half  completed  it  returns  to  the  heart 
laden  with  impurities,  only  to  be  pumped  away  to  the 
lungs,  where  it  exchanges  the  poisonous  gases  and  returns 
charged  with  oxygen,  a  sustainer  of  life. 

XLII. 

The  tongue  and  teeth  aid  the  process  of  mastication. 
The  active  tongue  constantly  brings  food  under  the  teeth 
to  be  cut  and  masticated,  then  rolls  it  into  position  to  be 
swallowed.  The  food  then  descends  the  esophagus  to  the 
stomach,  a  pouch  capable  of  holding  between  two  and 
three  pints.  From  the  stomach  food  passes  through  the 
small  and  large  intestines  by  means  of  the  contraction  of 
muscular  fibres,  which  force  the  food  in  its  passage  along 
this  tube-like  coil. 

XLIII. 

As  the  food  makes  its  way  through  the  alimentary  ca- 
nal, certain  liquids  or  juices  are  furnished  by  various 
glands,  which  dissolve  and  transform  useful  portions  into 


80  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

new  substances.  Saliva,  a  juice  secreted  from  the  salivary 
glands,  converts  starch  into  sugar.  Gastric  juice  oozes 
from  minute  glands  of  the  stomach  and  dissolves  in  gen- 
eral all  animal  matter  except  fat.  Secretions  from  glands 
of  the  small  intestine  and  pancreas  perform  work  neg- 
lected by  the  saliva  and  gastric  juice.  The  liver  pours 
into  the  small  intestine  a  greenish-yellow  bile.  The  gland 
also  effects  important  changes  in  the  blood  itself. 

XLIV. 

Quartz  is  the  most  common  crystal.  It  can  be  broken 
into  fragments  having  a  glassy  lustre.  It  strikes  fire  with 
steel.  On  account  of  its  hardness,  which  resists  the  action 
of  the  elements,  it  makes  up  a  large  part  of  ordinary  cob- 
blestones, pebbles,  gravel,  sand  and  even  the  soil.  Some 
crystals  are  transparent,  others  semi-transparent,  and  still 
others  are  opaque.  Quartz  is  often  found  in  uncrystal- 
lized  form — as  flint,  agate  and  chalcedony.  The  ame- 
thyst, jasper  and  opal  are  varieties  of  quartz. 

XLV. 

By  experiment  and  study,  coarse  granite  is  found  to 
contain  quartz,  felspar  and  mica.  The  latter  can  be 
readily  recognized  by  its  glistening  appearance.  Granite 
is  an  excellent  building  stone,  but  its  granular  texture  un- 
fits it  for  road-making.  Granite  obelisks  in  Egypt  have 
stood  3,000  years.  Pompey's  Pillar  and  the  principal 
pyramids  are  composed  of  granite,  yet  during  the  Crimean 
war  it  was  shown  that  granite  ramparts  were  as  easily  de< 
molished  as  those  of  limestone. 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  81 

XLVI. 

The  numerous  rays  projecting  from  the  coral  polyp  are 
called  tentacles.  The  skeleton  is  limestone,  separated  by 
the  tiny  laborer  from  the  sea-water  continually  supplied 
by  the  movements  of  the  tentacles.  The  life  of  an  indi- 
vidual is  brief,  but  a  colony  endures  for  ages.  One  vast 
host  deposits  its  layer  of  limestone  and  passes  away.  An- 
other and  another  succeeds,  and  thus  high  columns  rise 
through  the  waves  to  become  the  support  of  coral  islands. 

"  So  the  little  coral  workers, 

By  their  slow  and  constant  motion, 
Have  made  those  pretty  islands 
In  the  distant,  dark-blue  ocean." 

XLVII. 

The  coral  groves  of  the  ocean  floor  are  decorated  like 
the  gardens  of  the  land,  the  flower-like  polyps  answering 
to  our  pinks,  daisies,  violets  and  lilies.  They  strew  the 
bottom,  which  is  of  the  whitest  and  purest  sand  ;  or  hang 
like  leaves  and  flowers,  or  cling  like  mosses  and  lichens  to 
the  branching  coral,  and  lend  rare  enchantment  to  the 
scene.  Fishes  of  many  colors,  with  exquisite  grace  of 
movement,  dart  among  the  branches. — Maury. 

XLVIII. 

The  water  is  calm  and  still  below, 

For  the  waves  and  winds  are  absent  there; 

And  the  sands  are  as  bright  as  the  stars  that  glow 
In  the  motionless  fields  of  upper  air. 

There,  with  a  light  and  easy  motion, 

The  fan  coral  sweeps  through  the  clear,  deep  sea; 


82  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

And  the  yellow  and  scarlet  tufts  of  ocean 
Are  bending  like  corn  on  the  upland  lea. 

And  life  in  rare  and  beautiful  forms 
Is  sporting  amid  those  bowers  of  stone, 

And  is  safe  where  the  wrathful  spirit  of  storms 
Has  made  the  top  of  the  wave  his  own. 

— James  Gates  Percival. 

XLIX. 

Heat  is  transmitted  more  readily  by  certain  bodies  than 
by  others.  Wool  and  feathers  have  been  provided  by  na- 
ture as  the  clothing  of  animals.  The  heat  of  an  animal  is 
generally  greater  than  that  of  the  surrounding  substances, 
and  this  heat  is  not  readily  conducted  through  garments 
of  wool,  feathers  or  fur.  Water  and  air  are  poor  con- 
ductors of  heat.  Air  is  slowly  heated,  and  when  once 
heated,  is  as  slowly  cooled.  Heat  is  generally  transmitted 
through  liquids  and  gases  by  the  motion  of  their  molecules. 


L. 


Certain  bodies  radiate  heat  more  readily  than  others  ; 
some  retain  heat,  therefore  cool  slowly.  Corrugated 
stoves,  radiators,  screens  and  hot-houses  may  be  men- 
tioned in  connection  with  this  principle.  The  earth  re- 
ceives heat  through  radiation,  and  clouds  prevent  this  heat 
from  escaping  into  space.  Clear  nights  are  cold.  On 
cloudy  nights  less  dew  appears.  Dew  and  frost  are  de- 
posited more  copiously  on  some  objects  than  others.  This 
is  due  to  differences  in  temperature  caused  by  radiation. 
Cold  objects  condense  and  chill  the  moisture  that  floats 
about  them. 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  83 

LI. 

Heated  air  expands;  therefore  equal  volumes  of  hot 
and  cold  air  differ  in  weight.  Man's  applications — fur- 
nace heating  and  systems  of  ventilation.  Nature's  illus- 
tration— winds.  A  volume  of  hot  water  is  lighter  than  an 
equal  volume  of  cold  water.  Man's  application — hot- 
water  system  of  heating.  Nature's  illustration — ocean 
currents.  When  the  surface  of  a  lake  becomes  cool,  con- 
densed particles  continually  sink  and  are  replaced  by 
warmer  particles.  After  the  lake  reaches  a  temperature 
of  4°  above  freezing-point,  the  water,  contrary  to  its 
usual  practice,  expands  when  further  cooled.  Ice,  being 
decidedly  light,  floats  on  the  surface. 

LII. 

The  United  States  is  distinguished  as  being  the  fore- 
most republic  and  the  most  prosperous  nation  in  the 
world.  Its  area  is  about  three  and  a  half  millions  square 
miles.  Its  population  is  representative  of  all  the  nations 
of  Europe.  To  this  vast  tide  of  immigration  the  rapid 
growth  of  our  country  is  largely  due.  It  is  remarkable 
how  soon  foreigners,  who  come  under  the  influence  of  our 
institutions,  become  Americanized. 

LIII. 

The  President  is  elected  to  serve  four  years.  He  is 
commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy.  He  has  a 
cabinet  of  advisers  consisting  of  eight  men.  These  offi- 
cers administer  respectively:  the  departments  of  foreign  af- 
fairs, the  treasury,  the  army,  the  navy,  home  affairs,  justice, 
the  post-office, and  agriculture.  The  Vice-president  presides 


84  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

over  the  Senate.  The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  chief- 
justice  and  eight  associate  justices,  appointed  by  the 
President. 

LIV. 

Legislation,  or  law-making,  for  the  United  States  is 
committed  to  a  body  called  the  Congress.  It  consists  of 
the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  Rep- 
resentatives are  elected  by  the  people  according  to  the 
number  of  people  in  each  state.  They  serve  for  a  term 
of  two  years.  Senators,  two  from  each  state,  are  chosen 
by  the  legislatures  of  the  several  states  and  serve  for  a 
term  of  six  years. 

LV. 

The  pages  of  history  teem  with  accounts  of  popular 
tumults,  wherein  passion  breaks  loose  and  wreaks  its  fell 
purpose,  misguided  and  restrained  by  reason.  No  defini- 
tion could  be  further  from  describing  the  colossal  event 
which  occurred  in  Boston  on  the  i6th  of  December,  1773. 
Here  passion  was  guided  and  curbed  by  sound  reason  at 
every  step,  down  to  the  last  moment  in  the  dim  candle- 
light of  the  old  church,  when  the  noble  Puritan  statesman 
quietly  told  his  hearers  that  the  moment  for  using  force 
had  at  last,  and  through  no  fault  of  theirs,  arrived. — John 
Fisk. 

LVI. 

The  causes  of  the  Revolution,  so  fertile  a  theme  of 
speculation,  are  less  definite  than  have  been  imagined. 
The  whole  series  of  colonial  events  was  a  continued  and 
accumulating  cause.  The  spirit  was  kindled  in  England ; 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  85 

it  went  with  Robinson's  congregation  to  Holland ;  it 
landed  with  them  at  Plymouth ;  it  was  the  basis  of  the 
first  constitution  of  these  sage  and  self-taught  legislators  ; 
it  never  left  them  nor  their  descendants.  It  extended  to 
the  other  colonies,  where  it  met  with  a  kindred  impulse, 
was  nourished  in  every  breath,  and  became  rooted  in  the 
feelings  of  the  whole  people. — Jared  Sparks. 

LVII. 

George  Washington  was  rather  above  the  common  size  ; 
his  frame  was  robust  and  his  constitution  vigorous,  capa- 
ble of  enduring  great  fatigue,  and  requiring  a  considera- 
ble degree  of  exercise  for  the  preservation  of  his  health. 
His  exterior  created  in  the  beholder  the  idea  of  strength, 
united  with  manly  gracefulness.  His  person  and  whole 
deportment  exhibited  an  unaffected  and  indescribable 
dignity,  unmingled  with  haughtiness,  of  which  all  who 
approached  him  were  sensible  ;  and  the  attachment  of 
those  who  possessed  his  friendship  and  enjoyed  his  inti- 
macy, was  ardent,  but  always  respectful. — John  Marshall. 

LVIII. 

Happy  in  the  confirmation  of  our  independence  and 
sovereignty,  and  pleased  with  the  opportunity  afforded 
the  United  States  of  becoming  a  respectable  nation,  I 
resign  with  satisfaction  the  appointment  I  accepted  with 
diffidence,  a  diffidence  in  my  abilities  to  accomplish  so 
arduous  a  task,  which,  however,  was  superseded  by  a  con- 
fidence in  the  rectitude  of  our  cause,  the  support  of  the 
supreme  power  of  the  Union  and  the  patronage  of  Heaven. 
— George  Washington. 


86  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

LIX. 

To  Thee,  beneath  whose  eye 
Each  circling  century 

Obedient  rolls, 
Our  nation  in  its  prime 
Looked  with  a  faith  sublime, 
And  trusted  in  the  time 

That  tried  jjien's  souls. 

There,  like  an  angel  form 
Sent  down  to  still  the  storm, 

Stood  Washington ! 
Clouds  broke  and  rolled  away  ; 
Foes  fled  in  wild  dismay, 
Wreathed  were  his  brows  with  bay, 

When  war  was  done. 

— John  Pierpont. 

LX. 

No  man  has  come  to  true  greatness  who  has  not  felt  in 
some  degree  that  his  life  belongs  to  his  race,  and  that  what 
God  gives  him  he  gives  him  for  mankind. — Phillips  Brooks. 

Greatness  is  a  spiritual  condition  worthy  to  excite  love, 
interest  and  admiration ;  and  the  outward  proof  of  pos- 
sessing greatness  is  that  we  excite  love,  interest  and 
admiration. — Matthew  Arnold. 

LXI. 

The  name  of  Benjamin  Franklin  will  ever  be  a  precious 
memory  in  the  hearts  of  American  patriots.  He  was 
born  in  Boston  in  1706,  and  died  in  1790.  The  poverty 
of  his  parents  forbade  his  enjoying  the  advantages  of 
education.  By  exercising  great  frugality  he  managed  to 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  87 

buy  a  few  books  which  he  studied  diligently.  Being 
induced  by  false  representations  to  go  to  England,  he 
found  himself  almost  penniless  in  a  strange  land.  By  the 
display  of  singular  industry  he  soon  made  friends  and  a 
successful  living. 

LXII. 

Franklin  made  a  brilliant  business  career  in  Philadel- 
phia. His  leisure  hours  were  devoted  to  science.  His 
discoveries  in  electricity  are  world-renowned.  He  was  an 
unflinching  patriot.  He  helped  to  draught  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  and  was  one  of  its  signers.  As 
Ambassador  to  the  court  of  France,  he  was  revered  for 
his  wit,  his  genius,  his  dignity,  and  his  charming  conver- 
sation. 

LXIII. 

Dost  thou  love  life  ?  Then  do  not  squander  time,  for 
that  is  the  stuff  life  is  made  of. 

Diligence  is  the  mother  of  good  luck,  and  God  gives  all 
things  to  industry ;  then  plow  deep  while  sluggards  sleep, 
and  you  shall  have  corn  to  sell  and  to  keep. 

Little  strokes  fell  great  oaks.  A  little  neglect  may 
breed  mischief ;  for  want  of  a  nail  the  shoe  was  lost ;  for 
want  of  a  shoe  the  horse  was  lost ;  and  for  want  of  a  horse 
the  rider  was  lost. 

He  that  goes  a  borrowing  goes  a  sorrowing. — Benjamin 
Franklin. 

LXIV. 

Our  constitution  is  in  actual  operation  ;  everything  ap- 
pears to  promise  that  it  will  last ;  but  in  this  world  noth- 
ing is  certain  but  death  and  taxes. 


88  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

Laziness  travels  so  slowly  that  Poverty  soon  overtakes 
him. 

We  must  all  hang  together  or,  assuredly,  we  shall  all 
hang  separately. 

Pride  that  dines  on  vanity  sups  on  contempt.  Pride 
breakfasted  with  Plenty,  dined  with  Poverty,  and  supped 
with  Infamy. — Franklin. 

L3CV. 

New  England  and  village  life  in  the  1 8th  century  pre- 
sented a  strange  contrast  to  that  with  which  we  are  fa- 
miliar. The  house  of  the  settler  was  built  of  logs,  the 
chinks  daubed  with  clay,  and  the  roof  thatched  with  long 
grass.  In  the  later  and  better  class  of  dwellings,  the  logs 
were  hewn  square,  so  as  to  need  no  chinking ;  or  a  frame 
was  made  of  heavy  oak  timbers,  some  of  them  eighteen 
inches  in  diameter,  and  all  mortised  and  braced  together 
in  a  manner  that  would  be  bewildering  enough  to  a  car- 
penter of  to-day. 

LXVI. 

The  sides  were  covered  with  split-oak  clapboards,  and 
the  roof  with  split -cedar  shingles,  fastened  by  large, 
wrought  iron  nails.  The  windows  consisted  of  two  small 
lead  frames  set  with  a  few  tiny  diamond-shaped  panes  of 
glass,  and  hinged  so  as  to  open  outward  against  the  house. 
The  doors  were  of  oak  plank,  doubled  and  nailed  together. 
They  were  often  hung  on  wooden  hinges  and  were  se- 
curely fastened  at  night  by  heavy  wooden  cross  bars.  In 
the  center  of  the  house  rose  a  stone  or  brick  chimney, 
about  twelve  feet  square  at  the  base,  affording  a  fireplace 
large  enough  for  seats  to  be  placed  at  the  side,  where  the 
children  could  sit  in  the  winter  evening  and  look  up  at 
the  stars. — Barnes*  History. 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  89 

LXVII. 

On  July  4,  1776,  John  Hancock,  president  of  Con- 
gress,  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  There 
was  great  rejoicing  throughout  the  thirteen  colonies.  On 
Christmas  night  of  the  same  year,  Washington  surprised 
a  body  of  Hessian  soldiers  at  Trenton  and  captured  a 
thousand  prisoners  and  a  large  quantity  of  arms  and  am- 
munition. On  January  3,  1777,  General  Washington 
fiercely  attacked  Lord  Cornwallis  at  Princeton  and  gained 
a  decisive  victory.  General  Burgoyne  surrendered  at 
Saratoga,  October  17,  1777. 

LXVIII. 

The  Winter  of  1777  and  '78  found  the  American  army  at 
Valley  Forge  in  great  distress.  The  apparently  wretched 
condition  of  the  American  cause  was  relieved  in  the  spring 
by  the  news  that  France  had  acknowledged  the  indepen- 
dence of  the  United  States,  and  that  a  fleet  was  on  its 
way  to  render  assistance.  At  the  battle  of  Monmouth, 
the  brilliant  courage  of  Washington  rescued  the  army 
from  disgrace.  It  was  here  that  the  commander-in-chief 
indignantly  rebuked  Lee,  whose  cowardice  and  disloyalty 
at  length  found  their  appropriate  reward. 

LXIX. 

The  most  startling,  and  one  of  the  saddest  events  of  the 
Revolution  was  the  treason  of  Arnold  and  the  untimely 
death  of  General  Andre.  Arnold,  having  been  repri- 
manded for  unworthy  conduct,  resolved  to  gratify  his  desire 
for  revenge  and  his  avarice  by  turning  traitor  and  deliv- 
ering West  Point  into  the  hands  of  the  British.  The 
gloom  which  followed  this  act  of  treason  was  soon  sue- 


90  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

ceeded  by  victories  in  the  South,  which  gave  courage  to 
the  American  army.  The  decisive  victory  at  Yorktown 
practically  ended  the  war. 

LXX. 

The  Americans  were  drawn  up  in  a  line  on  the  right 
side  of  the  road,  and  the  French  occupied  the  left.  At 
the  head  of  the  former,  the  great  American  commander, 
mounted  on  his  noble  courser,  took  his  station.  At  the 
head  of  the  latter  was  posted  the  excellent  Count  Rocham- 
beau.  The  French  troops,  in  complete  uniform,  displayed 
a  martial  and  noble  appearance.  The  Americans,  though 
not  all  in  uniform,  nor  their  dress  so  neat,  yet  exhibited 
an  erect,  soldierly  air,  and  every  countenance  beamed  with 
satisfaction  and  joy. 

LXXI. 

When  Lafayette  was  about  to  return  to  his  native  land 
at  the  close  of  the  war,  he  said,  in  reply  to  a  committee 
of  the  American  Congress,  appointed  to  present  him  with 
a  letter  addressed  to  the  king,  expressive  of  their  high  ap- 
preciation of  the  services  he  had  rendered :  "  May  this 
immense  Temple  of  Freedom  ever  stand,  a  lesson  to  op- 
pressors, an  example  to  the  oppressed,  a  sanctuary  for  the 
rights  of  mankind  !  And  may  these  happy  United  States 
attain  that  complete  splendor  and  prosperity  which  will 
illustrate  the  blessings  of  their  government,  and  for  ages 
to  come  rejoice  the  departed  souls  of  the  founders." — Levi 
P.  Morton. 

LXXII. 

The  American  Revolution  had  its  origin  neither  in  am- 
bition, nor  avarice,  nor  envy,  nor  any  gross  passion  ;  but 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  91 

in  the  nature  and  relation  of  things,  and  in  the  thence- 
resulting  necessity  of  separation  from  the  parent  State. 
Its  progress  was  limited  by  that  necessity.  Our  fathers 
displayed  great  strength  and  moderation  of  purpose.  In 
difficult  times  they  conducted  with  wisdom  ;  in  doubtful 
times,  with  firmness ;  in  perilous  times,  with  courage  ;  un- 
der oppressive  trials,  erect ;  amidst  temptations,  unseduced; 
in  the  dark  hour  of  danger,  fearless ;  in  the  bright  hour  of 
prosperity,  faithful. — Josiah  Quincy. 

LXXIII. 

Great  were  the  hearts,  and  strong  the  minds 
Of  those  who  framed,  in  high  debate, 

The  immortal  league  of  love,  that  binds 
Our  fair,  broad  Empire,  state  with  state. 

And  deep  the  gladness  of  the  hour, 

When,  as  the  auspicious  task  was  done, 

In  solemn  trust,  the  sword  of  power, 
Was  given  to  glory's  unspoiled  son. 

—  W.  C.  Bryant. 

LXXIV. 

The  application  of  steam  to  carriages  was  first  suggested 
by  Robinson  in  1759.  Watt  patented  a  locomotive  engine 
in  1794.  Stevenson,  in  1825,  brought  a  locomotive  to 
such  perfection  that  it  attained  a  speed  of  twenty-nine 
miles  an  hour.  The  pressure  at  which  steam  is  used  in  a 
locomotive  is  considerable,  but  an  explosion  is  a  rare  oc- 
currence. Several  American  mechanics  have  invented 
locomotive  engines  for  propelling  carriages  on  common 
roads.  Steam  engines  are  now  used  in  various  processes 
of  agriculture. 


92  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

LXXV. 

The  development  of  the  railroad  has  tended  to  revolu- 
tionize industry  and  commerce.  The  highest  engineering 
skill  has  applied  itself  to  overcoming  difficulties  of  con- 
struction. The  cost  of  making  railroads  varies  according 
to  the  number  and  extent  of  the  tunnels,  cuttings  and 
embankments  required.  In  America  the  railway  carriage 
has  reached  its  highest  perfection.  The  parlor  car  is 
equipped  with  many  of  those  comforts  and  conveniences 
found  in  a  luxurious  hotel.  Is  it  not  possible  that  Asia 
and  Africa,  as  well  as  America  and  Europe,  may  one  day 
be  covered  with  a  network  of  railroads? 

LXXVI. 

The  postal  service  of  the  United  States  has  enjoyed  a 
remarkable  growth  and  prosperity.  It  is  bewildering  to 
think  of  the  magnitude  of  the  service  and  the  intricacy  of 
the  system  whereby  mails  are  promptly  transported  and 
distributed  in  the  thousands  of  post  offices  in  the  country. 
Postal  clerks  become  accustomed  to  handling  mail  matter 
with  great  rapidity  and  correctness.  In  spite  of  defective 
and  illegible  addresses,  the  ratio  of  errors  made  is  about 
one  to  every  four  thousand  pieces  handled. 

LXXVII. 

The  Museum  of  the  Dead  Letter  Office  always  interests 
visitors.  It  is  an  extraordinary  collection  of  articles  which 
people  have  tried  to  send  through  the  mails.  Among 
other  curiosities  are  a  hitching  post,  a  loaded  revolver,  and 
an  Indian  scalp.  Snakes  and  small  alligators  have  been 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  93 

found  in  the  mails.  There  are  boxes  of  cartridges,  per- 
cussion caps,  firecrackers,  torpedoes,  false  teeth,  kitchen 
utensils,  banjos  and  gold-headed  canes. 

LXXVIII. 

The  genius  of  man  has  gradually  substituted  machinery 
for  manual  labor.  The  forces  of  nature  have  been  subju- 
gated and  made  to  serve  the  convenience  of  mankind. 
Doubtless  there  are  many  undiscovered  applications  of 
these  forces  that  will,  in  future  years,  contribute  to  our 
comfort  and  happiness.  Electricity  has  done  much  to 
annihilate  time  and  space.  Manifold  discoveries  in  chem- 
istry have  powerfully  affected  the  industrial  arts. 

LXXIX. 

In  employing  all  the  muscular  power  at  our  disposal  we 
are  to  make  the  employments  we  choose  as  educational 
as  possible.  For  a  wholesome  human  employment  is  the 
first  and  best  method  of  education,  mental  as  well  as  bod- 
ily. A  man  taught  to  plough,  row,  or  steer  well,  and  a 
woman  taught  to  cook  properly,  and  make  a  dress  neatly, 
are  already  educated  in  many  essential  moral  habits. — 
Ruskin. 

LXXX. 

Wealth  begins  in  a  tight  roof  that  keeps  out  the  rain 
and  the  wind ;  in  a  good  pump  that  yields  you  plenty  of 
sweet  water ;  in  two  suits  of  clothes,  so  as  to  change  your 
dress  when  you  are  wet  ;  in  dry  sticks  to  burn  ;  in  a  good 
double-wick  lamp,  and  three  meals ;  in  a  horse  and  loco- 
motive to  cross  the  land ;  in  books  to  read  ;  and  so  in 
giving  on  all  sides,  by  tools  and  auxiliaries,  the  greatest 


94  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

possible  extension  to  our  powers,  as  if  it  yielded  feet  and 
eyes  and  blood,  Llength  to  the  day,  and  knowledge  and 
good-will. — Emerson. 

LXXXI. 

The  restless  sea  is  ever  troubled  by  the  ceaseless  motion 
of  its  waters.  The  waves,  the  tides,  the  currents  continu- 
ally disturb  it.  A  movement,  like  a  great  pulse,  keeps  the 
surface  constantly  rising  and  falling.  Tides  are  caused  by 
the  attraction  of  the  moon  and  sun,  and  occur  alternately 
every  six  hours.  When  forced  up  narrow,  shelving  bays, 
deep  gulfs,  or  broad  river  mouths,  where  their  progress  is 
often  retarded,  the  tidalwave  ascends  the  channel  as  a 
perpendicular  wall,  attaining  an  enormous  height. 

LXXXII. 

Ocean  currents  resemble  rivers  of  such  magnitude  that 
the  mightiest  stream  of  the  land  is  tiny  compared  to  them. 
A  constant  interchange  of  waters  between  the  polar  and 
equatorial  regions  is  affected  by  the  differences  of  tem- 
perature. Cold,  ice-bearing  currents  from  the  Arctic 
Ocean  give  the  coast  of  Maine  its  singularly  cool  summers. 
The  Gulf  Stream  is  termed  the  "  heat-carrier."  Such  im- 
mense volumes  of  heat  are  conveyed  by  this  benignant 
stream  to  northern  latitudes,  that  the  winter  climate  of 
the  whole  western  face  of  Europe,  as  far  north  as  Lapland, 
is  softened  and  tempered  with  genial  warmth. — Maury. 

LXXXIII. 

Volcanic  mountains  are  generally  conical  in  shape. 
Materials  ejected  from  a  hole  in  the  earth's  crust  form  a 
circular  mound.  Successive  eruptions  occur,  and  the 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  95 

mound  becomes  loftier  with  each  eruption.  The  vent  re- 
mains low  while  the  matter  ejected  is  built  up  about  it. 
Thus  the  crater  assumes  a  basin-like  shape.  In  the  erup- 
tion of  Vesuvius,  A.D.  79,  the  matter  emitted  exceeded  the 
entire  bulk  of  the  mountain.  There  is  no  definite  order 
in  which  the  phenomena  of  an  eruption  succeed  one  an- 
other, but  they  are  usually  preceded  by  subterranean 
rumblings  and  tremor? 

LXXXIV. 

After  the  preliminary  rumblings,  dense  columns  and 
globular  masses  of  watery  vapor,  mingled  with  a  variety  of 
gaseous  substances,  issue  from  the  crater.  "  The  spectacle 
is  indescribably  expressive  at  night.  The  emission  of  lava 
in  the  molten  state  is  the  most  imposing  of  volcanic  phe- 
nomena. After  the  flow  of  lava,  the  explosions  become  less 
and  less  frequent,  and  at  last  no  evidence  of  volcanic  activity 
remains,  save,  perhaps,  a  vapor-cloud  veiling  the  summit  of 
the  mountain." — Maury. 

LXXXV. 

Winds  are  masses  of  air  in  motion.  Like  ocean  cur- 
rents, they  are  caused  by  differences  of  temperature. 
Winds  may  be  classified  as  constant,  variable  and  periodi- 
cal. The  constancy  in  the  direction  of  certain  winds  has 
greatly  aided  commerce,  hence  the  name  "  trade-wind.'' 
In  the  zones  of  the  variable  winds  the  polar  and  equatorial 
currents  are  continually  striving  for  mastery.  Monsoons 
are  periodical  winds,  or  land  and  sea  breezes  on  a  huge 
scale.  They  alternate  with  summer  and  winter,  not  with 
day  and  night. 


96  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

LXXXVI. 

My  heart  is  awed  within  me  when  I  think 

Of  the  great  miracles  which  still  go  on 

In  silence  around  me --the  perpetual  work 

Of  thy  creation,  finished,  yet  renewed 

Forever.  — Byrant. 

Matter  may  undergo  physical  changes  and  recover  its 
original  form.  If  heated,  it  may  cool ;  if  melted,  it  may 
become  solid  again  ;  if  dissolved,  it  will  reappear  when 
the  liquid  evaporates.  Chemical  action  may  totally  change 
substances  and  give  rise  to  elements,  or  compounds,  in 
which  the  original  forms  can  never  be  directly  recognized. 

LXXXVI1 

The  smallest  particle  of  matter  that  can  exist  inde* 
pendently  of  other  particles  is  called  a  molecule. 

The  particles  which  compose  a  molecule  are  called 
atoms. 

A  change  in  a  substance  which  does  not  break  the  mole- 
cule is  a  physical  change,  and  a  change  in  which  the  mole- 
cule is  dissolved  into  its  atoms  and  new  molecules  formed 
is  a  chemical  change. — Edward  R.  Shaw. 

LXXXVIII. 

Ammonia  exists  in  minute  quantity  in  the  atmosphere. 
It  is  given  off  by  putrefying  animal  and  vegetable  sub- 
stances containing  nitrogen.  The  distillation  of  bone  and 
animal  refuse,  for  the  purpose  of  making  bone-black, 
yields  a  large  amount  of  ammoniacal  liquor.  The  de- 
structive distillation  of  coal  in  gasworks  furnishes  the 
great  bulk  of  ammonium  compounds.  The  solution  of 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER.  97 

ammonia-gas  in  water  is  a   reagent   continually  required 
as  a  test  in  the  laboratory  and  much  used  in  the  arts. 

LXXXIX. 

Chlorine  is  an  element  widely  distributed  in  nature.  It 
is  a  powerful  bleaching  agent  and  a  common  disinfect- 
ant. Hydrochloric  acid  is  a  compound  of  chlorine  and 
hydrogen.  Its  uses  are  numerous.  It  is  employed  in 
making  chloride  of  lime,  in  the  manufacture  of  gelatine, 
and,  like  ammonia,  is  useful  in  the  chemical  laboratory. 
The  name  "  Royal  Water  "  was  once  given  to  a  mixture 
of  hydrochloric  and  nitric  acids,  because  of  its  power  to 
dissolve  gold,  the  "  king  of  metals." 

XC. 

Prepare  two  test-tubes,  one  containing  ammonia-water 
and  the  other  sulphuric  acid  in  dilution.  Into  the  former 
dip  a  slip  of  blue  litmus  paper.  Observe,  color  the  same. 
Into  the  latter  dip  a  similar  slip.  Observe,  color  is  red. 
Replunge  it  into  the  first  tube,  and  it  resumes  its  blue 
color.  Acid  substances  redden  the  litmus  dye,  and  alka- 
line substances  bring  back  the  blue. 

The  union  of  an  acid  and  a  base  forms  a  salt. 

XCI. 

Carbon  is  an  extremely  important  and  a  very  abundant 
element.  It  is  an  essential  constituent  of  the  animal, 
vegetable  and  mineral  kingdoms.  All  vegetable  life  is 
directly  dependent  upon  the  presence  of  the  compound 
of  carbon,  which  exists  in  the  atmosphere.  Diamond,  the 
most  precious  gem,  and  the  hardest  known  substance,  is 
pure,  or  nearly  pure,  carbon.  The  beautiful  stone,  so  bril- 
liant, so  transparent,  is  of  the  same  element  that  enters 


98  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

the  chemical  composition  of  the  black,  friable  coal,  sold  in 
cart  loads  for  a  comparatively  small  sum. 

XCII. 

Graphite,  or  plumbago,  is  sometimes  improperly  called 
black  lead,  and  is  familiarly  known  as  material  of  the 
common  lead-pencil.  Amorphous  graphite  is  so  soft  and 
unctuous  that  it  is  often  appjied  as  a  lubricator  for  heavy 
machinery.  At  ordinary  temperature  graphite  undergoes 
no  change,  therefore  it  is  used  for  covering  iron  articles,  to 
prevent  their  rusting.  Its  greasy,  adhesive  qualities  ren- 
der it  capable  of  varnishing  iron  with  a  thin,  lustrous 
layer.  Common  stove-polishes  are  composed  of  pow- 
dered graphite. 

XCIII. 

Charcoal  is  obtained  from  wood,  burned  in  a  certain 
smothered  manner.  It  is  one  of  the  most  durable  sub- 
stances. Specimens  have  been  found  at  Pompeii  and 
upon  Egyptian  mummies.  Charcoal  is  a  disinfecting 
agent.  Its  great  merit  as  a  disinfectant  is  that  it  con- 
stantly draws  into  destruction  the  offensive  matters  around 
it.  If  placed  about  the  wards  of  a  hospital  it  removes 
the  unpleasant  odors.  Charcoal  exhibits  different  de- 
grees of  decolorizing  power. 

Bone-black  is  of  use  to  sugar-refiners. 

Lampblack  is  important  as  a  pigment,  and  is  the  chief 
ingredient  of  printers'  ink. 

XCIV. 

"  Tell  me,  lump  of  carbon, 

Burning  lurid  in  the  open  grate, 
While  thy  flames  rise  twisting,  turning, 
Ages  past  elucidate." 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  99 

When  coal  is  sufficiently  heated  a  gas  is  set  at  liberty, 
and  along  with  it  many  other  things.  It  is  marvelous 
what  can  be  extracted  from  coal — rich  colors,  delicate 
perfumes,  nearly  a  hundred  useful'substances,  and  among 
them  flavors  for  sweetmeats.  Coal  is  not  pure  carbon, 
and  that  which  remains  after  coal  has  been  heated,  coke, 
is  contaminated  with  inorganic  matters  originally  present 
in  the  coal. 

XCV. 

Science  has  lengthened  life ;  it  has  mitigated  pain,  has 
extinguished  diseases,  has  increased  the  fertility  of  the 
soil,  given  new  security  to  the  mariner,  furnished  new 
arms  to  the  warrior,  spanned  great  rivers  and  estuaries 
with  bridges  of  form  unknown  to  our  fathers ;  it  has 
guided  the  thunderbolt  innocuously  from  heaven  to  earth  ; 
it  has  lighted  up  the  night  with  splendor  of  the  day ;  it  has 
extended  the  range  of  human  vision  ;  it  has  multiplied  the 
power  of  the  human  muscles. — Macaulay. 

XCVI. 

Science  has  accelerated  motion ;  it  has  annihilated 
distance ;  it  has  facilitated  intercourse,  correspondence, 
all  friendly  offices,  all  despatch  of  business  ;  it  has  enabled 
man  to  descend  to  the  depths  of  the  sea,  to  soar  into  the 
air,  to  penetrate  securely  into  the  noxious  recesses  of  the 
earth  ;  to  traverse  the  land  in  cars  which  whirl  along 
without  horses ;  to  cross  the  ocean  in  ships  which  run 
many  knots  an  hour  against  the  wind.  These  are  but  a 
part  of  its  fruits,  for  it  is  a  philosophy  which  never  rests, 
which  is  never  perfect.  Its  law  is  progress. — Macaulay. 


100 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


REVIEW   LESSONS. 


XCVII. 


XCVIII. 


xcix. 


c. 


ex'cel  lent 

mon'u  ments 

do  min'ion 

lib'er  al 

com  mer'cial 

an  tiq'ui  ty 

ro  man'tic 

move'ment 

ad  vant'a  ges 

rel'ics 

scen'er  y 

do  mes'tic 

ir  reg  u  lar'i  ty 

sit'u  a  ted 

main  tain' 

re  vered' 

an'cient 

slug'gish 

bronze 

sa'cred 

or'a  tors 

ca  the'dral 

char'i  ots 

re  spon  si  bil'i  ty 

phil  os'o  phers 

con  nec'tion 

con'quered 

sen'ti  ment 

un  ri'valed 

e  rec'tion 

frag'ments 

dif'fi  cult 

ar'chi  tect  ure 

ob'e  lisk 

in  va'sion 

ex  ag'ger  ate 

cent'u  ries 

at  tained' 

de  stroyed' 

sal'u  ta  ry 

ex  ca  va'tion 

com  prised' 

de  rived' 

prev'a  lence 

va'ri  ous 

lan'guage 

war'riors 

ru'ral 

por'tions 

wor'ship  ing 

vie  to'ri  ous 

so  ci'e  ty 

stat'ues 

pros  per'i  ty 

com  plet'ed 

fes'ti  vals 

ed  u  ca'tion 

pe'ri  od 

con'quest 

hol'i  days 

con  sist'ed 

ro  bust' 

bil'lows 

a  gree'a  bly 

chiefly 

sym'pa  thies 

sea'weed 

in  ter  rupt' 

phys'i  cal 

slum'ber 

heath'er 

par  tic'u  lar  ly 

isles 

ac  tiv'i  ty 

bow'ers 

ob  ser'vant 

e  ter'nal 

ex  is'tence 

ca  ress' 

re  lig'ious 

quail 

res  er  voir' 

re  form' 

in  spir'ing 

lib'er  ty 

fount'ain 

in'sti  tut  ed 

de  tail' 

treas'ure 

in  clud'ed 

priv'i  leg  es 

an  ti  qua'ri  ans 

fa'mous 

o  ce  an'ic 

ex  tend'ed 

quaint 

es  tab'lished 

en  tire' 

rep  re  sents' 

hu'mor  ous 

THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

101 

CI. 

CII. 

cm. 

CIV. 

bur  lesque' 

ar'ti  cles 

cap'tured 

dis  eas'es 

pag'eants 

man  u  fact'ured 

wretch'es 

fath'er  land 

a  ban'don  ment 

bay'o  nets 

ca  dav'er  ous 

prom'ise 

mirth 

pris'on  er 

liv'id 

strewed 

fel'low  ship 

con'quer  or 

com  plex'ions 

doubled 

cel'e  brate 

sit'u  a  ted 

rev'el  ry 

cen'tral 

kind'li  ness 

gal'ler  ies 

cap'i  tal 

a  bun'dant 

his'to  ry 

pal'a  ces 

chiv'al  ry 

sup  plies' 

em'press  , 

mon'arch  y 

hap'pi  ly 

tinVber 

queen 

a  bilri  ty 

vo  lup'tu  ous 

sue  ces'sion 

di'a  dem 

ex  celled' 

mar'riage 

ex  chan'ges 

worth'i  er 

am  bi'tion 

knell 

ex'iles 

pros'per  ous 

vanquished 

mil'lions 

published 

au'gu  ries 

con  ti  nen'tal 

en  gaged' 

com  pared' 

boun'te  ous 

sov'er  eigns 

in  tel'li  gent 

el'e  ments 

ju'bi  lee 

defeated 

in  gen'ious 

civ  il  i  za'tion 

re  pub'lic 

fi'nal  ly 

thrift'y 

re  straint' 

ma  jor'i  ty 

in  nu'mer  a  ble 

com  pelled' 

ab'so  lute 

in  hab'i  tants 

part'ners 

vine'yards 

czar 

lat'i  tude 

vic'to  ries 

sur  pass'es 

leg  is  la'tion 

cor  res  pond' 

ter'ri  to  ry 

grouped 

oc  ca'sion 

cli'mate 

is'su  ing 

sci  en  tiFic 

dis  sat  is  fac'tion 

mod'i  fy 

in'fant  ry 

li'bra  ries 

con  tin'u  al  ly 

tem'per  a  ture 

can'non 

mu  se'ums 

sus  pect'ed 

va  ri'e  ty 

mis'er  a  ble 

sur  ren/$er^d 

po  lit'ic  al 

102 

THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

cv. 

CVI. 

CVII. 

CVIII. 

pun'ished 

hu'mid 

un  search'a  ble 

pock'et 

se  ver'i  ty 

cam'el 

un  known' 

pouch 

cau'tious  ly 

hy  e'na 

so'lar 

gleam'ing 

stealth'i  ly 

script'ure 

ere  a'tion 

blend'ing 

prowl'ing 

mention 

hoa'ry 

witch'ing 

hun'gri  ly 

in'ci  dent 

ex  haust'less 

har'mo  nies 

sus  pi'cion 

wan'der  ings 

trav'ersed 

height 

riv'et  ed 

entrance 

sub  sides' 

az'ure 

he  red'i  ta  ry 

sep'ul  chre 

sed'i  ment 

sphere 

af  fin'i  ty 

fu'ner  al 

mys  te'ri  ous 

di  am'e  ter 

jus'tice 

tram'pling 

ex'e  cut  ed 

cir  cum'fer  ence 

be  lieve' 

pro  ces'sion 

art'ist 

ap  par'ent  ly 

free'dom 

dis  tin'guished 

mum'mi  fied 

re  al'i  ty 

se  cu'ri  ty 

mag  nif'icent 

cat'a  combs 

con'stant  ly 

per'ma  nent 

lux  u'ri  ant 

sphinx 

ro'ta  ting 

tyr'an  ny 

veg  e  ta'tion 

pyr'a  mids 

orb'it 

fac'tion 

gi  gan'tic 

im  pe'ri  ous 

tech'nic  al  ly 

slav'er  y 

bar'ba  rous 

soremn 

el  lipse' 

pop'u  lat  ed 

si  moon' 

mod'er  ate 

ac'cu  rate  ly 

pla  teaus' 

a  void' 

el  e  va'tions 

com  put'ed 

pe  cul'iar 

suf  fo  ca'tion 

in  te'ri  or 

par'al  lei 

his  tor'ic  al 

freight'ed 

di  ver'si  fied 

e  qua'tor 

tra  di'tions 

mer'chan  disc 

kan  ga  roo' 

com  pre  hend' 

fierc'est 

nn  ex  plored' 

fe'male 

vast'ness 

pre'cious 

im  mense' 

ex  panse/ 

im  ag'i  na  ry 

NIVERSITY 


THE   MORSE 


CIX. 

ex. 

CXI. 

CXII. 

cir'cuit 

wrists 

mus'cu  lar 

trans  par'ent 

frig'id 

phy  si'cian 

al  i  men'ta  ry 

o  paque' 

tem'per  ate 

pulse 

ca  nal' 

crys'tal  lize 

tor'rid 

as  cer  tain' 

liq'uids 

flint 

di  vide' 

faith'ful 

juic'es 

ag'ate 

me  rid'i  an 

ser'vant 

glands 

chal  ced'o  ny 

lon'gi  tude 

a  or'ta 

dis  solve' 

am'e  thyst 

or'gans 

per  mit'ted 

sa  li'va 

jas'per 

cir  cu  la'tion 

du'ties 

sal'i  va  ry 

o'pal 

heart 

valves 

con  vert' 

ex  per'i  ment 

blood'-ves  sels 

fur'nish 

starch 

coarse 

hol'low 

jour'neys 

gas'tric 

read'i  ly 

ar'ter  ies 

im  pu'ri  ties 

ex  cept' 

rec'og  nize 

cap'il  la  ries 

poi'son  ous 

se  cre'tions 

glis'ten  ing 

mus'cle 

sus  tain'er 

pan'cre  as 

ap  pear'ance 

cav'i  ties 

tongue 

neg  lect'ed 

gran'u  lar 

ar  te'ri  al 

teeth 

liv'er 

text'ure 

ve'nous 

mas  ti  ca'tion 

bile 

prin'ci  pal 

me'di  um 

po  si'tion 

ef  feet' 

ram'part 

com  mu  ni  ca'tions 

swal'low 

frag'ments 

de  mol'ished 

con  tract' 

de  scend' 

lus'tre 

limes'tone 

reg  u  lar'i  ty 

oe  soph'a  gus 

re  sist' 

pro  ject'ing 

ex  pel'ling 

stom'ach 

or'di  na  ry 

pol'yp 

pro  duce' 

ca'pa  ble 

cob'ble  stones 

ten'ta  cles 

shock 

in  tes'tines 

grav'el 

skel'e  ton 

104 
CXIII. 

in  di  vid'u  al 

en  dures' 

col'umn 

is'land 

mo'tion 

groves 

dec'o  rat  ed 

mos'ses 

li'chens 

en  chant'ment 

ex'qui  site 

yel'low 

scar'let 

wrath'ful 

spir'it 

trans  mit'ted 

feath'ers 

gen'er  al  ly 

con  duct'ed 

garments 

re  main' 

mol'e  cules 

re  tain' 

cor'ru  gat  ed 

ra'di  a  tors 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


CXIV. 


screens 

prin'ci  pie 

re  ceived' 

co'pi  ous  ly 

vol'umes 

weight 

ap  pli  ca'tion 

sys'tem 

ven  ti  la'tion 

il  lus  tra'tion 

cur'rent 

par'ti  cles 

con'tra  ry 

us'u  al 

prac'tice 

de  cid'ed  ly 

a' re  a 

pop  u  la'tion 

rep  re  sent'a  tive  e  lect'ed 

im  mi  gra'tion      sen'a  tors 

rap'id  pop'u  lar 

re  mark'a  ble         tu'mult 

in  sti  tu'tions         pas'sion 

A  mer'i  can  ized    wreaks 

pres'i  dent  pur'pose 


CXV. 

com  mand'er 
ar'my 
na'vy 
cab'i  net 
ad  vis'ors 
con  sist'ing 
ad  min'is  ter 
re  spect'ive  ly 
de  part'ment 
af  fairs' 
treas'ur  y 
ag'ri  cult  ure 
vice-pres'i  dent 
pre  side' 
sen'ate 
as  so'ci  ate 
com  mit'ted 
con'gress 


CXVI. 

misguid'ed 

rea'son 

def  i  ni'tion 

de  scrib'ing 

co  los'sal 

curbed 

qui'et  ly 

fer'tile 

spec  u  la'tion 

se'ries 

co  lo'ni  al 

ac  cu'mu  lat  ed 

kin'dled 

con  gre  ga'tion 

ba'sis 

de  scend'ant 

im'pulse 

nour'ished 

root'ed 

vig'or  ous 

fa  tigue' 

con  sid'er  a  ble 

ex'er  cise 

pres  er  va'tion 

grace'ful  ness 


THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

105 

CXVII. 

CXVIII. 

CXIX. 

cxx. 

ie  port'ment 

fru  gal'i  ty 

op  er  a'tion 

shin'gle 

ix  hib'it  ed 

pen'ni  less 

la'zi  ness 

wrought-i'ron 

jn  af  fect'ed 

sin'gu  lar 

trav'els 

di'a  mond 

n  de  scrib'a  ble 

bril'liant 

av'a  rice 

pause 

iig'ni  ty 

bus'i  ness 

as  sur'ed  ly 

hinged 

laugh'ti  ness 

ca  reer' 

van'i  ty 

est'u  a  ries 

ip  proach' 

leis'ure 

con  tempt' 

se  cure'ly 

>en'si  ble 

de  vot'ed 

supped 

fas'tened 

n'ti  ma  cy 

e  lee  tric'i  ty 

in'fa  my 

chim'ney 

ir'dent 

re  nowned' 

con'trast 

af  ford'ing 

•e  spect'ful 

un  flinch'ing 

fa  mil'iar 

quan'ti  ty 

;on  fir  ma'tion 

dec  la  ra'tion 

chinks 

am  mu  ni'tion 

)p  por  tu'ni  ty 

in  de  pend'ence 

daubed 

de  cis'ion 

ip  point'ment 

pen'e  trate 

thatched 

dis  tress' 

iif'fi  dence 

am  bas'sa  dor 

dwellings 

re  lieved' 

;u  per  sed'ed 

ge'nius 

frame 

as  sist'ance 

•ec'ti  tude 

charm'ing 

eight  een' 

res'cued 

iat'ron  age 

con  ver  sa'tion 

mor'tised 

re  buked' 

>  be'di  ent 

squan'der 

braced 

cow'ard  ice 

;ub  lime' 

slug'gards 

be  wil'der  ing 

dis  loy'al  ty 

>pir'it  u  al 

nox'ious 

e  nough' 

ap  pro'pri  ate  ly 

>ut'ward 

mis'chief 

car'pen  ter 

start'ling 

)a'tri  ot 

bor'row  ing 

clap'board 

trea'son 

x>v'er  ty 

sor'row  ing 

split-oak*' 

mul'ti  plied 

or  bade' 

act'u  al 

split-ce'dar 

un  time'ly 

106 

CXXI. 

rep'ri  mand  ed 
grat'i  fy 
trai'tor 
de  cis'ive 
cours'er 
mar'tial 
sol'dier  ly 
coun'te  nance 
com  mit'tee 
ap  pre  ci  a'tion 
op  pres'sors 
sanct'u  a  ry 
il  lus'trate 
re  la'tion 
per'il  ous 
phil  os'o  phy 
im  mor'tal 
league 
aus  pi'cious 
lo  co  mo'tive 
en'gine 
per  fec'tion 
pres'sure 
ex  plo'sion 
me  chan'ics 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 
CXXII.  CXXIII. 

pro  pel'ling  sub'sti  tut  ed 

de  vel'op  ment  ma  chin'er  y 

rev  o  lu'tion  ize  subjugated 

com'merce  con  trib'ute 
en  gin  eer'ing  ^-an  ni'hi  late 

con  struc'tion  chem'is  try 

em  bank'ments  in  dus'tri  al 

e  quipped'  em  ploy'ment 

con  ven'ience  prop'er  ly 

mag'ni  tude  es  sen'tial 


in'tri  ca  cy 
dis  trib'ut  ed 
cor  rect'ness 
de  fect'ive 
il  leg'i  ble 


aux  il'ia  ries 
cease'less 
al  ter'nate  ly 
shelv'ing 
re  tard'ed 


ex  traor'di  na  ry  per  pen  dic'u  lar 

col  lec'tion  e  nor'mous 

cu  ri  os'i  ties 

re  volv'er 

al'li  ga  tors 

car'tridg  es 

percus'sion 

tor  pe'does 

u  ten'sils 


grad'u  al  ly 


re  sem'ble 
in  ter  changed' 
e  qua  to'ri  al 
sin'gu  lar  ly 
be  nig'nant 
vol  can'ic 
con'i  cal 
ma  te'ri  al 


CXXIV. 

e  ject'ed 
e  rup'tions 
as  sume' 
e  mit'ted 
phe  nom'e  na 
subterra'nean 
rum'blings 
tre'mor 
pre  lim'i  na  ry 
glob'u  lar 
gas'e  ous 
spec'ta  cle 
e  mis'sion 
fre'quent 
ev'i  dence 
clas'si.fied 
pe  ri  od'i  cal 
qual'i  ty 
va'ri  a  ble 
mon  soons' 
mir'a  cle 
per  pet'u  al 
e  vap'o  rate 
chem'i  cal 
to'tal  ly 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


107 


cxxv. 

CXXVI. 

CXXVII. 

CXXVIII. 

am  mo'ni  a 

fri'a  ble 

Eu'rope 

Fred'er  ick 

pu'tre  fy  ing 

graph'ite 

Col  os  se'um 

Drach/en  fels 

dis  til  la'tion 

plum  ba'go 

Fo'rum 

steppes 

am  mo  ni'ac  al 

a  mor'phous 

Pan'the  on 

Nov'go  rod 

de  struc'tive 

unc'tion 

Ti'gris 

St.  Petersburg 

so  lu'tion 

lu'bri  cator 

Vat'i  can 

Mos'cow 

re  a'gent 

ad  he'sive 

Eu  phra'tes 

War'  saw 

lab'o  ra  to  ry 

var'nish  ing 

Je'sus  Christ 

O  des'sa 

chlo'rine 

ac  cel'er  ate 

Great  Brit'ain 

Si  be'ri  a 

bleaching 

du'ra  ble 

Ireland 

Bal  kan' 

dis  in  fec'tion 

spec'i  mens 

Ab'bots  ford 

Al  sace' 

hy  dro  chlo'ric 

of  fen'sive 

MeFrose  Ab'bey 

Lor  raine' 

chlo'ride 

hos'pi  tal 

Jurlius  Cae'sar 

Ti'ber 

gel'a  tine 

de  col'or  i  zing 

Teu  ton'ic 

Pal'estine 

mixt'ure 

pig'ment 

West'min  ster 

Naz'a  reth 

ni'tric 

in  gre'di  ent 

Cath'o  lie 

Is'ra  el  ites 

sul  phu'ric 

e  lu'ci  date 

Med  i  ter  ra'ne  an 

Ca'naan 

di  lu'tion 

sufficiently 

Ba  yonne' 

Jor'dan 

lit'mus 

mar'vel  ous 

Rou'en 

Sa  ha'ra 

sim'i  lar 

del'i  cate 

Joan'  of  Arc' 

E'gypt 

fa  cil'i  tate 

con  tam'i  nat  ed 

Seine 

Cap'ri  corn 

re  sume' 

in  or  gan'ic 

Na  po'le  on 

Pom'pey 

al'ka  line 

in  noc'u  ous  ly 

Wa  ter  loo' 

Cri  me'an 

con  stit'u  ent 

mit'i  gat  ed 

Bel'gium 

Bur  goyne' 

com  po  si'tion 

ex  tin'guished 

Bis'marck 

Sar  a  to'ga 

108 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


SELECTED 

WORDS. 

To  be  used  in  sentences  by  the  pupil. 

CXXIX. 

cxxx. 

CXXXI. 

CXXXII. 

be  seech' 

flo'rist 

por'ti  co 

bal'lot 

in'di  go 

ed'i  tor 

pi  az'za 

cu'po  la 

coop'er 

sheriff 

ve  ran'da 

tur'ret 

ar'ti  san 

sur'geon 

schoon'er 

pier 

bar'ber 

mil'li  ner 

bal'co  ny 

fore'cas  tie 

cash  ier' 

mu  si'cian 

yacht 

can'di  date 

at  tor'ney 

seam'stress 

al'ley 

mi  nor'i  ty 

ca'ter.er 

mag'is  trate 

awn'ing 

bam  boo' 

lav'en  der 

satch'el 

del'e  gate 

fo'li  age 

ar'chi  tect 

gourd 

re  pub'li  can 

cup'board 

car'pen  ter 

slaugh'ter 

re  ceipt' 

lau'rel 

al'der  man 

laun'dress 

in'voice 

cus'tom  ers 

non'sense 

plumb'er 

e  lec'tion 

nu  mer  a'tion 

trough 

tai'lor 

nom  i  na'tion 

div'i  dend 

sec'ond  a  ry 

sec're  ta  ry 

nurs'er  y 

sub  trac'tion 

ac  count'ant 

con'sta  ble 

con  serv'a  tive 

quo'tient 

burg'lar 

ped'dler 

rev'e  nue 

min'u  end 

auc  tion  eer' 

treas'ur  er 

an'chor 

frac'tion 

con  fec'tion  er 

preach'er 

buoy 

freak 

a  poth'e  ca  ry 

gov'ern  or 

ceil'ing 

lect'ure 

di'a  ry 

fin  an  cier' 

res  o  lu'tion 

mod'ern 

be  siege' 

ma  rine' 

li'cense 

heifer 

drow'sy 

dem'o  crat 

mort'gage 

doe 

may'or 

ledg'er 

cau'cus 

sub'tra  hend 

drug'gist 

sub'urbs 

seal'ing 

dec'i  mal 

THE    MORSE 

SPELLER. 

109 

CXXXIII. 

CXXXIV. 

cxxxv. 

CXXXVI. 

groove 

en  deav'or 

syl'la  ble 

sal'ad 

dough 

pig'eon 

bis'cuit 

der'rick 

ar'se  nic 

re  lease' 

sau''sage 

cor'po  ral 

con  crete' 

buf'fa  lo 

ging'ham 

ar  til'ler  y 

nu'mer  a  tor 

fu'ri  ous 

colo'nel 

com'mis  sar  y 

sau'ci  ly 

poultry 

yeast 

sieve 

hound 

awk'ward 

re  hearse' 

om'e  let 

strych'nine 

des'pot  ism 

griev'ance 

tas'sel 

ab  stract' 

pur  suit' 

mus  tache' 

gru'el 

de  nom'i.na  tor 

ap  par'el 

crit'i  cise 

am'bu  lance 

salve 

lunch'eon 

por'  ridge 

chasm 

span'iel 

re  cruit' 

lieu  ten'ant 

dis  guise' 

mul  ti  pli  cand' 

her'o  ine 

cav'al  ry 

rogue 

dis'count 

fab'ric 

al  pac'a 

plague 

trea'ty 

gai'ters 

cal'i  co 

au'to  graph 

ter'ri  er 

sten'cil 

rib'bon 

hand'ker  chief 

por'ce  lain 

gen'u  ine 

jeal'ous 

pas'try 

no  ta'tions 

for'tress 

ad'  ver  Use' 

trou'sers 

per  cent'age 

cha  rade' 

cam'bric 

skim 

coch'i  neal 

pic'nic 

muffin 

for'ci  ble 

mo  las'ses 

le'gion 

ser'geant 

um  brel'la 

par'tridge 

brig  a  dier' 

in'fant  ry 

com'pli  ment 

mead'ows 

dra  goon' 

knap'sack 

tough 

par'rot 

ar'se  nal 

cay  enne' 

bru  nette' 

os'trich 

tab  leau' 

gos'sa  mer 

'  slip'per  y 

110 

THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

CXXXVII. 

CXXXVIII. 

CXXXIX. 

CXL. 

chron'i  cle 

prej'u  dice 

un  fath'omed 

pit'e  ous 

to  ma'to 

mu'ci  lage 

grate 

a  tone' 

bag'gage 

scis'sors 

in  gen  u'i  ty 

man'u  script 

cu'cum  her 

mon'o  gram 

hoard 

im  me'di  ate 

bal'lad 

scythe 

^Jdln 

bri'dal 

cat'a  logue 

vil'lain 

quay 

du'el 

tour'ist 

trel'lis 

con  jec'ture 

sta'tion  a  ry 

on'ion 

ac  quaint' 

fri'ar 

pi'e  ty 

car'rot 

choir 

loi'ter 

i'ci  cle 

let'tuce 

aisle 

gau'dy 

spec  ta'tor 

bal'ance 

med'ley 

ten'nis 

ghast'ly 

con  vince' 

ves'tige 

ad'jec  tive 

scourge 

av'a  lanche 

coun'ter  feit 

mul'tipli  er 

wail'ing 

junction 

tor'toise 

mas'cu  line 

mel'an  chol  y 

cab'bage 

san'guine 

fem'i  nine 

les'sen 

per  suade' 

preface 

neu'ter 

med'dle 

cel'er  y 

au'burn 

fe  lic'i  ty 

arch'es 

challenge 

nui'sance 

phrase 

fer'vent 

ad  journ' 

di'a  logue 

can  eel  la'tion 

va'cant 

dun'geon 

belle 

sole 

con  ceit' 

triv'i  al 

heir 

de  fi'cien  cy 

min'strel 

swol'len 

clause 

min'i  a  ture 

ham'mock 

dis  patch' 

faint 

veil 

feign 

cac'tus 

an'them 

numb 

suit'or 

ca'ble 

•    curfew 

di  vis'i  ble 

a  part'ment 

THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

111 

CXLi. 

CXLII. 

GXLIII. 

CXLIV. 

ges'ture 

sculp'ture 

mis  eel  la'ne  ous 

com  parri  son 

lin'i  ment 

me'te  or 

con  ta'gious 

re  lapse' 

proph'e  sy 

bach'e  lor 

prom'i  nence 

change'a  ble 

prec'e  dent 

fres'co 

ail'ment 

ma  la'ri  a 

par  ti'tion 

be  hav'ior 

ri  clic'u  lous 

ex  cus'a  ble 

trait 

ad'mi  ra  ble 

serri  al 

zeal'ous 

an'gle 

au'di  ence 

mon'ster 

found'ry 

leath'er 

gor'geous 

re  mit'tance 

sim  plic'i  ty 

pe  ti'tion 

portrait 

prep  o  si'tion 

o  mis'sion 

in'cense 

en'vi  ous 

de  clen'sion 

the'a  tre 

o'a  sis 

vi'cious 

in  sure' 

ware'house 

crim'i  nal 

vex  a'tion 

spasm 

bul'le  tin 

gey'ser 

ve'hi  cle 

com'i  cal 

im'be  cile 

postscript 

a'gen  cy 

subject 

ag'o  ny 

smug'gle 

ven'geance 

pred'i  cate 

mosque 

sur  vey'or 

om'ni  bus 

im  per'a  tive 

bre  /i  ty 

mos  qui'to 

ma  li'cious 

in  fin'i  tive 

fac'to  ry 

em  bez'zle 

re  gat'ta 

po  ten'tial 

as  sign'ment 

as  sault' 

har'ass 

in  dic'a  tive 

syn'a  gogue 

guilt'y 

rem  i  nis'cence 

subjunctive 

dor'mi  to  ry 

nav'i  ga  ble 

fren'zy 

con  ju  ga'tion 

el'e  va  tor 

in  del'i  ble 

a'mi  a  ble 

per  fec'tion 

in  i'tial 

ver'dure 

right'eous 

ob  jec'tive 

pis'ton 

duch'ess 

u'ti  lize 

pos  sess'ive 

con  sum  ma'ti  ;/i 

ac'cu  rate 

per  cep'tion 

nom'i  na  tive 

in  ten'si  fy 

PART  IV. 


i. 

Plants  and  animals  are  mutually  dependent  upon  each 
other.  All  forms  of  animal  life  absorb  the  oxygen  from 
the  air  which  they  inhale.  The  carbonic  acid  gas  which 
is  exhaled,  while  actually  poisonous  to  animals,  is  an  in- 
gredient absolutely  required  to  sustain  the  life  -of  plants. 
On  the  other  hand,  while  the  plant  is  digesting  this  food 
it  is  supplying  the  oxygen  needed  to  secure  the  health- 
fulness  of  the  atmosphere.  The  wisdom  of  the  Creator 
is  further  shown  in  the  fact  that  winds  help  to  preserve 
harmony  between  the  plant  and  animal  kingdoms  by 
bearing  away  the  excess  of  gases  to  places  where  it  is 
needed. 

IL 

Every  species  of  plant  and  animal  life  has  its  own  geo- 
graphical range.  This  range  is  determined  by  tempera- 
ture, elevation  and  moisture.  When  plants  or  animals  are 
carried  from  one  climate  to  another,  so  that  a  distinct 
change  is  effected  in  their  environment,  they  are  liable 
either  to  die  or  to  undergo  important  modifications. 
Many  of  our  most  valuable  food  plants  have  been  thus 
transformed.  It  is  said  that  the  Shetland  pony  and  the 
race  horse  came  from  one  original  stock. 

.  112 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  113 

III. 

Animal  life  is  dependent  upon  the  food  spontaneously 
provided  by  nature.  Hence,  it  maybe  said  that  the  fauna 
of  a  country  is  dependent  on  its  flora.  The  differences 
between  the  animals  of  the  frigid  zone  and  those  of  the 
torrid  zone  are  as  significant  as  those  which  characterize 
the  plants  of  corresponding  latitudes.  The  physical  or- 
ganization of  the  animal  becomes  peculiarly  adapted  to 
its  environment.  To  trace  the  adaptability  of  various  an- 
imals to  the  environment  or  habitat  in  which  they  live, 
constitutes  one  of  the  most  instructive  lessons  in  natural 
history. 

IV. 

A  few  examples  of  the  correspondence  existing  between 
animals  and  their  surroundings  are  here  quoted.  "  The 
reindeer  is  fitted  to  browse  upon  Arctic  mosses,  and  has 
the  instinct  of  searching  for  them  beneath  the  snow.  The 
cushioned  foot  of  the  camel  enables  him  to  tread  firmly 
upon  the  shifting  sand  of  the  desert,  while  his  capacity  for 
carrying  an  extra  supply  of  water  adapts  him  wonderfully 
for  journeying  through  its  dry  and  thirsty  wilds.  The 
llama  was  the  only  beast  of  burden  employed  by  the  native 
Americans  in  scaling  the  snowy  heights  of  the  Andes." 

V. 

All  things  in  the  natural  world  symbolize  God,  yet  none 
of  them  speak  of  Him  but  in  broken  and  imperfect  words. 
—H.  W.  Beecher. 

Nature  and  truth  are  one,  and  immutable  and  insepar- 
able as  beauty  and  love. — Mrs.  Jamison* 


114  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

Nature  is  a  revelation  of  God ;  art  is  a  revelation  of 
man. — Longfellow. 

Laws  of  nature  are  God's  thoughts,  thinking  themselves 
out  of  the  orbits  and  tides. — C.  H.  Parkhurst. 

There  is  a  majesty  and  mystery  in  nature,  take  her  as 
you  will. 

The  essence  of  poetry  comes  breathing  to  a  mind  that 
feels,  from  every  province  of  her  empire. —  Thomas  Carlyle. 


VI. 


The  effect  of  climate  upon  man  is  not  so  marked  as  upon 
animals.  However,  in  respect  to  bodily  and  intellectual 
characteristics  there  are  appreciable  differences.  Unlike 
the  animal,  he  can  protect  himself  from  the  severity  of  the 
Arctic  winter,  and  from  the  fierceness  of  tropical  heat. 
Nevertheless,  climate  reacts  upon  him  in  such  a  way  as  to 
determine  his  mental  and  moral  peculiarities,  industrial 
habits,  social  and  governmental  institutions.  To  the  Cau- 
casian race,  by  reason  of  its  physical  and  mental  super- 
iority, has  been  assigned  the  task  of  civilizing  and  enlight- 
ening the  world. 

,         VII. 

The  effect  of  climate  upon  the  character  of  individuals 
and  of  communities  is  known  to  be  very  important.  The 
mind,  in  its  present  condition  of  existence,  is  dependent  for 
its  healthy  and  vigorous  manifestations  upon  the  degree  of 
energy  and  elasticity  with  which  the  physical  organs  fulfill 
their  functions.  The  inhabitants  of  the  polar  and  equa- 
torial regions  are  subjected  to  the  paralyzing  and  debilitat- 
ing influences  of  the  extremes  of  cold  and  heat,  and,  ac- 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  115 

cordingly,  we  find  their  intellectual  and   moral  faculties 
scarcely  susceptible  of  any  considerable  development. 

In  proportion  to  the  salubrity  and  genial  temperament 
of  the  climate,  the  mind  in  all  its  powers  becomes  capable 
of  expanding  to  a  loftier  and  more  substantial  flight.-— 
Randall. 

VIII. 

Physical  geography  exerts  an  important  influence  upon 
the  distribution  of  human  labor.  It  is,  therefore,  no  acci- 
dent that  some  people  are  engaged  in  fishing,  some  in 
mining,  and  some  in  agriculture.  Our  own  country  fur- 
nishes striking  illustrations  of  this  law.  The  valley  of  the 
Mississippi  is  a  succession  of  climatic  belts,  in  which  are 
cultivated  those  crops  that  are  adapted  to  the  several  con- 
ditions  of  soil  and  climate.  Sugar  and  rice  cannot  be 
grown  in  Minnesota,  neither  do  corn  and  wheat  flourish  in 
Louisiana.  In  one  section  we  find  the  country  adapted  to 
stock-raising,  dairying  and  wool-growing;  in  another  to 
mining  and  manufacturing. 


IX. 

As  commerce  is  the  distribution  of  the  products  of  hir 
man  industry,  it  also  is  largely  influenced  by  physical 
causes.  Great  commercial  cities  of  the  world  have  bren 
situated  upon  the  seacoast,  adjacent  to  convenient  harbors. 
Such  were  Venice,  Genoa,  Constantinople  and  Antwerp. 
The  ocean  has  ever  been  the  world's  great  highway.  In 
recent  times  new  causes  have  operated  to  promote  indus- 
try and  commerce.  The  discovery  of  gold  in  California 
and  Australia,  the  application  of  steam  power  to  naviga- 


116  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

tion  and  overland  transportation,  and  the  invention  of  the 
telegraph  have  revolutionized  the  commerce  and  industries 
of  the  world. 

X. 

God  has  connected  the  labor  which  is  essential  to  bodily 
sustenance  with  the  pleasures  which  are  healthiest  for  the 
heart ;  and  while  he  made  thefground  stubborn,  he  made 
its  herbage  fragrant,  and  its  blossoms  fair. — Ruskin. 

Commerce  changes  the  fate  and  genius  of  nations,  by 
communicating  arts  and  opinions,  circulating  money,  and 
introducing  materials  of  luxury:  she  first  opens  and  pol- 
ishes the  mind,  then  corrupts  and  enervates  both  that  and 
the  body. — Thomas  Gray. 

XL 

Let  us  never  forget  that  the  cultivation  of  the  earth  is 
the  most  important  labor  of  man.  Man  may  be  civilized 
in  some  degree  without  great  progress  in  manufactures, 
and  with  little  commerce  with  his  distant  neighbors.  But 
without  the  cultivation  of  the  earth,  he  is,  in  all  countries, 
a  savage.  Until  he  gives  up  the  chase,  and  fixes  himself 
in  some  place,  and  seeks  a  living  from  the  earth,  he  is  a 
roaming  barbarian.  When  tillage  begins,  other  arts  follow. 
The  farmers,  therefore,  are  the  founders  of  civilization. — 
Daniel  Webster. 

XII. 

The  brilliant  financial  policy  of  Alexander  Hamilton 
gave  added  lustre  to  the  administration  of  Washington. 
The  proposition  that  all  the  debts  of  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, as  well  as  those  of  the  separate  states,  should  be 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  117 

assumed  by  the  federal  government  was  most  far-sighted 
and  sagacious.  All  merchants  and  capitalists  who  were 
creditors  of  the  states  warmly  supported  Hamilton  in 
securing  the  adoption  of  this  measure.  In  order  to  pro- 
vide sufficient  revenue  for  the  payment  of  these  debts,  a 
moderate  tariff  was  placed  upon  imported  goods.  An 
incidental  result  of  this  tariff  was  the  growth  of  manufac- 
turing interests. 

XIII. 

In  1800,  the  seat  of  the  federal  government  was  estab- 
lished at  Washington.  In  1801,  Thomas  Jefferson  was 
inaugurated  President  in  the  new  city.  This  is  one  of 
the  few  instances  wherein  a  recognized  leader  has  been 
elevated  to  the  Presidency.  Jefferson  devised  our  dec- 
imal currency,  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
and  declared  against  the  extension  of  slavery.  He  was 
the  founder  of  the  University  of  Virginia.  The  purchase 
of  the  Louisiana  Territory,  accomplished  during  his  admin- 
istration, was  a  dazzling  stroke  of  genius.  For  fifteen 
millions  of  dollars  territory  was  added  to  our  domain,  out 
of  which  have  been  formed  no  less  than  fourteen  states 
and  territories. 

XIV. 

We  should  cherish  the  idea  that  while  the  states  have 
their  rights,  sacred  and  inviolable,  which  we  should  guard 
with  untiring  vigilance,  never  permitting  an  encroachment 
upon  them,  and  ever  remembering  that  such  encroach- 
ment is  as  much  a  violation  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  as  to  encroach  upon  the  rights  of  the  gen- 
eral government ;  still  bear  in  mind  that  the  states  are 


118  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

but  subordinate  parts  of  one  great  nation,  that  the  nation 
is  over  all,  even  as  God  is  over  the  universe. — Oliver  P. 
Morton. 

XV. 

There  is  a  great  difference  between  nationality  and 
race.  Nationality  is  the  miracle  of  political  independ- 
ence. Race  is  the  principle  of  physical  analogy. — Dis- 
raeli. 

A  people  that  studies  its  own  past  and  rejoices  in  the 
nation's  proud  memories  is  likely  to  be  a  patriotic  people^ 
the  bulwark  of  law  and  the  courageous  champion  of  right 
in  the  hour  of  need. — Joseph  Anderson- 

XVI. 

The  invention  of  the  cotton  gin,  a  machine  for  separat- 
ing the  cotton  fibre  from  the  seed,  by  Eli  Whitney,  in 
1793,  greatly  increased  the  demand  for  cheap  labor  in  the 
South.  Thus  the  institution  of  negro  slavery  became  a 
bulwark  of  prosperity  in  the  Southern  States.  By  the 
famous  compromise  of  1820,  Missouri  was  admitted  to  the 
Union  as  a  slave  state ;  but  slavery  was  forever  prohibited 
north  of  the  parallel  of  36°  30'.  Party  strife  raged 
fiercely  while  this  question  was  pending,  and  much  sec- 
tional feeling  was  aroused. 

XVII. 

The  principal  events  of  Jackson's  administration  were 
the  introduction  of  the  "  Spoils  System  "  and  the  discus- 
sion in  Congress  upon  the  doctrine  of  nullification.  Dan- 
iel Webster  attained  the  summit  of  his  fame  as  an  orator 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  119 

in  a  speech  in  reply  to  Senator  Hayne  of  South  Carolina, 
opposing  this  doctrine.  In  1832,  Jackson  vetoed  the  bill 
for  the  recharter  of  the  United  States  Bank.  The  re- 
moval of  the  public  money  from  this  bank  and  its  distri- 
bution among  the  state  banks,  excited  much  indignation 
among  Jackson's  political  opponents.  This  led  to  a  quar- 
rel with  Congress  which  lasted  throughout  his  term  of 
office. 

XVIII. 

Our  government  has  been  tried  in  peace,  and  it  has 
been  tried  in  war,  and  has  proved  itself  fit  for  both.  It 
has  been  assailed  from  without,  and  it  has  successfully 
resisted  the  shock ;  it  has  been  disturbed  within,  and  it 
has  effectually  quieted  the  disturbance.  It  can  stand  trial, 
it  can  stand  assail,  it  can  stand  adversity,  it  can  stand 
everything  but  the  marring  of  its  own  beauty  and  the 
weakening  of  its  own  strength.  It  can  stand  everything 
but  the  effects  of  our  own  rashness  and  our  own  folly. 
It  can  stand  everything  but  disorganization,  disunion,  and 
nullification. — Daniel  Webster. 

XIX. 

From  Jackson's  last  administration  to  the  Civil  War 
was  a  period  of  industrial  progress  and  westward  expan- 
sion. The  invention  of  the  steam  engine  and  many  other 
labor-saving  machines  gave  a  wonderful  impulse  to  new 
enterprises  and  accelerated  the  growth  of  cities.  The 
enormous  territory  acquired  at  the  close  of  the  war  with 
Mexico  stimulated  western  immigration  and  extended 
our  boundaries  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  Our  promise 
of  future  greatness  was  only  shadowed  by  the  dark  cloud 


120  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

of  slavery  and  the  bitter  feeling  which  its  existence  occa- 
sioned between  the  North  and  the  South. 

XX. 

Measure  slavery  by  the  Golden  Rule,  and  where  is  it  ? 
It  stands  in  the  way  of  that  automatic  instinct  of  progress 
which  is  eternal  in  the  human  race  and  irresistible  in 
human  history. — Theodore  Pdrker. 

Every  benefit  which  slavery  conferred  upon  those  sub- 
ject to  it,  all  the  ameliorating  and  humanizing  tenden- 
cies it  introduced  into  the  life  of  the  African,  all  the  ele- 
vating agencies  which  lifted  him  higher  in  the  scale  of 
rational  moral  being,  were  the  elements  of  the  future  and 
inevitable  destruction  of  the  system. — L.  Q.  C.  Lamar. 

XXI. 

Abraham  Lincoln  was  inaugurated  President  of  the 
United  States,  March  4,  1861,  and  was  assassinated  in 
April,  1865.  He  was  a  conspicuous  example  of  a  man 
rising  from  obscurity  to  the  loftiest  altitudes  of  human 
grandeur  and  honor.  In  the  perspective  of  history  his 
memory  is  destined  to  shine  with  increasing  effulgence. 
The  nations  of  the  earth  have  written  the  name  of  Lin- 
coln among  the  immortal  heroes  of  modern  times.  The 
Union  free,  prosperous  and  great,  is  his  true  and  appro- 
priate monument. 

XXII. 

Human  glory  is  often  as  fickle  as  the  winds  and  tran- 
sient as  a  summer  day ;  but  Abraham  Lincoln's  place 
in  history  is  assured.  All  the  symbols  of  this  world's 
admiration  are  his.  He  is  embalmed  in  song.,  recorded 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  121 

in  history ,  eulogized  in  panegyrics ,  cast  in  marble , 
painted  on  canvas  ,  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of  his  country- 
men ,  and  lives  in  the  memories  of  mankind.  Some  men 
are  brilliant  in  their  times,  but  their  words  and  deeds  are 
of  little  worth  to  history  ;  but  his  mission  was  as  large  as 
his  country,  vast  as  humanity,  enduring  as  time. — John  P. 
Newman. 

XXIII. 

The  era  of  reconstruction  called  for  the  solution  of 
many  new  problems  in  government.  Congress  passed,  in 
1865,  a  thirteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution,  abol- 
ishing slavery.  The  Southern  States  ratified  this  amend- 
ment, repealed  the  ordinances  of  secession,  and  repudiated 
the  Confederate  war  debt.  A  Civil  Rights  bill  was 
passed,  which  guaranteed  rights  of  citizenship  to  ne- 
groes. In  1867  the  territory  of  Alaska  was  purchased 
from  Russia  for  $7,200,000.  During  the  administration 
of  Gen.  Grant  a  treaty  was  arranged  between  Great  Brit- 
ain and  the  United  States,  whereby  the  Alabama  claims 
were  submitted  to  a  board  of  arbitration. 


XXIV. 

In  1870,  the  fifteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
was  adopted.  This  provided  that  "  the  right  of  the  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied 
or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  any  state,  on  ac- 
count of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude.*' 
The  administration  of  President  Hayes  was  signalized  by 
several  important  events  :  First,  the  withdrawal  of  fed- 
eral troops  from  the  South  ;  second,  the  passage  of  the 


122  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

Bland  Silver  Bill ;  and  third,  the  resumption  of  specie 
payments.  Civil  service  reform  first  received  serious  at- 
tention during  the  administration  of  President  Arthur. 

XXV. 

The  noble  Nation  is  before  my  soul's  vision.  Grand  in 
stature,  comely  in  every  feature,  buoyant  in  the  freshness 
of  morning  youth,  matronly  in  prudent  stepping,  the  ethe- 
real breezes  of  liberty  waving  with  loving  touch  her 
tresses,  she  is,  no  one  seeing  her  doubts,  the  queen,  the 
conqueror,  the  mistress,  the  teacher  of  the  coming  ages. 
To  her  keeping  the  Creator  has  intrusted  a  great  conti- 
nent, whose  shores  two  oceans  lave,  rich  in  all  nature's 
gifts ;  embosoming  useful  and  precious  minerals,  fertile 
in  soil,  salubrious  in  air,  beauteous  in  vesture. — Bishop 
Ireland. 

XXVI. 

There  is  no  organization  of  life,  individual  and  simple, 
or  associated  and  complex,  in  which  the  instinct,  impulse, 
or  idea  of  self-preservation,  is  not  the  predominant  one. 
We  fought  the  war  of  the  Revolution  to  establish  our  na- 
tionality, and  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  to  maintain  it. 
We  have  spent,  first  and  last,  incalculable  blood  and  trea- 
sure to  establish  and  keep  our  national  life  intact,  and 
the  national  policy,  with  relation  to  public  schools,  is  part 
and  parcel  of  that  all-subordinating  determination  to  se- 
cure the  perpetuity  of  the  state.  Men  make  better  citi- 
zens for  being  educated.  The  higher  the  popular  intellect 
is  raised,  the  more  intelligent  and  independent  will  be  its 
vote. — Holland. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  123 

XXVII. 

One  of  the  greatest  reforms  in  our  government,  made 
in  recent  years,  has  been  in  the  method  of  filling  appoint- 
ments to  office.  Ever  since  the  presidency  of  Jackson, 
political  offices  have  been  the  prizes  of  party  service. 
Every  new  president,  upon  his  accession  to  office,  has 
been  beset  by  hordes  of  hungry  place-seekers.  Senators 
and  representatives  insisted  upon  their  right  to  distribute 
salaried  positions  without  regard  to  qualifications  or  effi- 
ciency. The  abuses  under  this  system  were  of  such  mag- 
nitude that  an  enlightened  public  conscience  expressed 
its  abhorrence.  Civil  service  reform  has  made  such 
progress  in  both  national  and  state  governments  that  the 
change  amounts  almost  to  a  revolution. 

XXVIII. 

The  expenses  of  government  are  met  by  taxation.  The 
citizen  of  any  town  or  city  usually  receives  one  bill  an- 
nually from  the  tax  assessors  for  his  share  of  the  expenses  of 
the  town,  county  and  state  governments.  These  taxes  are 
computed  at  a  given  rate  per  cent,  upon  property,  real  and 
personal.  The  national  government  is  supported  by  indi- 
rect taxation,  that  is,  by  a  tariff  on  imported  goods  and  a 
tax  on  various  home  products,  which  is  known  as  internal 
revenue.  Public  sentiment  has  greatly  changed  its  opin- 
ion concerning  the  question,  What  are  the  legitimate  pur- 
poses of  taxation  ?  Education  and  the  requirements  of 
public  health  and  convenience  make  increasing  demands 
upon  the  public  treasury. 

XXIX. 

"  Taxes,  no  matter  how  collected,  are  ultimately  paid 
by  the  producers  of  the  country,  the  men  who,  by  manual 


124  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

or  mental  labor,  create  commodities.  By  far  the  largest 
proportion  of  taxes  are,  therefore,  paid  by  manual  labor, 
crude  and  skilled.  The  cost  of  maintaining  the  federal, 
state  and  municipal  governments,  and  the  payment  of 
indebtedness,  principal  and  interest,  are  the  sum  of  taxes 
laid.  The  cost  is  enhanced  by  lack  of  intelligence  on  the 
part  of  officials  and  of  legislators  employing  many  to  do 
the  work  of  a  few,  and  by  ill-advised  economy. 

"After  a  period  of  fraud,  recklessness,  neglect,  and  extrav- 
agance, we  go  through  a  period  of  injudicious  parsimony 
equally  subversive  of  the  public  interests." 

XXX. 

The  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country  are  now  car- 
ried on  under  a  system  in  which  large  numbers  of  workmen 
are  grouped  under  one  management.  Under  this  system 
there  is  a  great  gain  of  economy  and  efficiency ;  the  sub- 
division of  labor,  the  multiplication  of  machinery,  greatly 
cheapen  production. 

The  man  who  has  the  organizing  ability  to  bring  a  thou- 
sand workmen  together,  and  keep  them  steadily  employed, 
cheaply  and  skilfully  to  produce  the  materials  for  their 
labor,  is  entitled  to  a  large  reward  for  this  difficult  service. 
— Gladden. 

XXXI. 

The  greatest  opportunities  of  this  generation,  the  oppor- 
tunities of  Christian  leadership,  of  Christian  statesmanship, 
are  offered  to  the  employers  of  labor.  They  are  called  to 
moralize  the  industrial  realm,  whose  ruling  law  has  hitherto 
been  pagan.  They  are  called  to  lead  in  that  peaceful 
reconstruction  of  our  industries,  by  which  labor  and  capital 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  125 

shall  be  identified  in  interest  and   feeling,  and  peace  shall 
be  established  among  men. — Gladden. 

XXXII. 

"  Manual  labor  is  an  honorable  calling.  Modern  writers 
in  the  interest  of  labor  have  asserted  this  in  various  forms,, 
and  on  all  occasions.  Capitalists,  merchants,  and  the  pro- 
fessions have  universally  accepted  the  proposition  as  true, 
and  in  this  country,  at  least,  their  attitude  towards  labor 
is  one  of  regard  and  good  feeling.  The  true  laborer  is 
proud  of  his  vocation,  proud  of  his  name,  proud  of  the 
vork  he  does." 

XXXIII. 

"  Wealth  serves  as  a  passport  to  society.  A  rich  man  is 
believed  to  possess  merits  that  have  made  him  rich,  or  if 
his  wealth  is  inherited,  a  certain  breeding  and  education, 
which  make  him  an  acceptable  associate.  The  majority 
of  rich  men  fully  answer  this  description  ;  they  are  well- 
informed,  shrewd,  just,  and  polite,  prompt  in  fulfilling  their 
engagements,  and  generous  in  their  dealings.  Those  who 
form  the  exception  to  this  rule  drop  out  of  society  very 
soon,  are  doomed  to  an  inevitable  isolation,  and  live  and 
trade  under  a  surveillance  of  universal  suspicion." 

XXXIV. 

Nerves  are  fine  threads  which  pervade  all  parts  of  the 
body.  Some  carry  sensations  from  without,  others  con- 
vey orders  of  motion  from  within.  The  former  are  called 
sensory  nerves  ;  the  latter,  motor  nerves.  The  spinal  cord, 
consisting  of  white  and  gray  matter,  lies  within  the  spinal 
canal.  Between  every  two  vertebrae,  nerves  shoot  forth 
to  allotted  parts  of  the  body.  The  cerebrum  occupies  nine- 


126  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

tenths  of  the  cavity  of  the  skull.  The  cerebellum  is  known 
as  "  little  brain."  In  the  brain  intelligence  resides,  sensa- 
tions are  perceived,  ideas  are  formed,  and  the  will 
originates. 

XXXV. 

Although  the  special  senses  are  said  to  be  modifications 
of  the  sense  of  touch,  the  approximate  information  gained 
through  touch  and  taste  must  result  from  contact  with 
objects,  while  smell,  hearing  and  sight  can  detect  objects 
at  a  distance.  The  seat  of  the  sense  of  smell  resides  in  the 
mucous  membrane  lining  the  cavities  of  the  nose.  This 
sense  is  acute  among  savages,  but  the  dog  far  surpasses 
man.  For  recognition  of  his  master  he  depends  on  smell 
more  than  sight. 

XXXVI. 

Certain  impressions  are  produced  by  means  of  vibra- 
tions, and  are  transmitted  to  the  brain  by  a  special  appa- 
ratus called  the  ear. 

Consider  the  extraordinary  delicacy  of  the  eye  as  an 
organ  of  sense.  Here  is  a  stimulus  of  unknown  origin, 
which  traverses  the  widest  regions  of  space,  and  enables 
us  to  appreciate  the  existence  of  form,  and  even  structure, 
of  bodies  billions  of  miles  away,  and  gives  us  more  knowl- 
edge of  the  external  world,  perhaps,  than  all  the  other 
senses  together ;  and  yet,  its  real  nature  is  as  hidden  and 
mysterious  and  impalpable  as  the  nature  of  our  con- 
sciousness.— Roger  S.  Tracy. 

XXXVII. 

Lodestone  is  a  particular  kind  of  iron  ore,  or  a  natural 
magnet,  possessing  the  power  of  attracting  iron.  A  bar 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  127 

of  steel  rubbed  against  lodestone  will  manifest  magnetic 
properties.  Experimenting  with  sprinklings  of  iron  filings 
verifies  the  statement — attraction  is  greatest  at  the  ends, 
or  poles,  and  diminishes  towards  the  central,  or  neutral 
line.  The  compass,  so  essential  to  mariners,  is  merely  a 
magnetic  needle  placed  on  a  pivot.  When  at  rest,  the 
needle  points  towards  the  earth's  north  and  south  mag- 
netic poles. 

XXXVIII. 

Bodies  can  be  electrified  by  friction,  by  contact,  or  by. 
induction.  Certain  substances  are  conductors  of  electric- 
ity ;  others,  non-conductors  or  insulators.  Bodies  charged 
with  opposite  kinds  attract ;  those  charged  with  the  same 
kind  repel.  Batteries  give  both  negative  and  positive 
electricity.  By  uniting  the  wires  of  opposite  poles  an 
electric  current  is  obtained.  Electricity  tends  to  concen- 
trate and  discharge  at  the  pointed  end  of  a  good  conduct- 
or. When  sparks  pass  between  two  points  of  carbon  a 
light  is  produced.  The  telegraph  and  telephone  are  re- 
sults of  the  application  of  electricity.  A  lifetime  would 
be  required  to  study  half  its  marvels. 

XXXIX. 

It  would  be  unjust  to  deny  that  Charles  I  had  some  of 
the  qualities  of  a  good,  and  even  of  a  great,  prince.  He 
wrote  and  spoke,  not  like  his  father  with  the  exactness  of 
a  professor,  but  after  the  fashion  of  intelligent  and  well- 
educated  gentlemen.  His  taste  in  literature  and  art  was 
excellent,  his  manner  dignified  though  not  gracious,  his 
domestic  life  without  blemish.  Faithlessness  was  the 
chief  cause  of  his  disasters  and  is  the  chief  stain  on  his 


128  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

memory.  He  was,  n  truth,  impelled  by  an  incurable  pro- 
pensity to  dark  and  crooked  ways.  It  may  seem  strange 
that  his  conscience  which,  on  occasions  of  little  moment, 
was  sufficiently  sensitive,  should  never  have  reproached 
him  with  his  great  vice.  —  Macaulay. 


The  stubborn  courage  characteristic  of  the  English 
people  was,  by  the  system  of  Cromwell,  at  once  regulated 
and  stimulated.  Other  leaders  have  maintained  order  as 
strict.  Other  leaders  have  inspired  their  followers  with  a 
zeal  as  ardent.  But  in  his  camp  alone  the  most  rigid  dis- 
cipline was  found  in  company  with  the  fiercest  enthusi- 
asm. His  troops  moved  to  victory  with  the  precision  of 
machines,  while  burning  with  the  wildest  fanaticism  of 
crusaders.  From  the  time  when  the  army  was  remod- 
elled, to  the  time  when  it  was  disbanded,  it  never  found, 
either  in  the  British  Islands  or  on  the  Continent,  an  en- 
emy who  could  stand  its  onset.  —  Macaulay. 

XLI. 

The  history  of  Monmouth  would  alone  suffice  to  refute 
the  imputation  of  inconstancy  which  is  so  frequently 
thrown  on  the  common  people.  The  common  people  are 
sometimes  inconstant,  for  they  are  human  beings.  But 
that  they  are  inconstant  as  compared  with  the  educated 
classes,  with  aristocracies,  or  with  princes,  may  be  confi- 
dently denied.  It  would  be  easy  to  name  demagogues 
whose  popularity  has  remained  undiminished  while  sov- 
ereigns and  parliaments  have  withdrawn  their  confidence 
from  a  long  succession  of  statesmen.  —  Macaulay. 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER,  129 

XLII. 

The  Puritans  were  men  who  derived  a  peculiar  charac- 
ter from  the  daily  contemplation  of  superior  beings  and 
eternal  interests.  Not  content  with  acknowledging  in 
general  terms  an  overpowering  Providence,  they  habitu- 
ally ascribed  every  event  to  the  will  of  God,  for  whose 
power  nothing  was  too  vast,  for  whose  inspection  nothing 
was  too  minute.  To  know  Him,  to  serve  Him,  to  enjoy 
Him,  was  with  them  the  great  end  of  existence.  They 
rejected  with  contempt  the  ceremonious  homage  which 
other  sects  substituted  for  the  pure  worship  of  the  soul. 
They  aspired  to  gaze  upon  the  intolerable  brightness  of 
the  Deity,  and  to  commune  with  Him  face  to  face 
Hence  their  contempt  for  worldly  distinction. — Macaulay. 

XLIII. 

What  reflecting  American  does  not  acknowledge  the 
incalculable  advantages  derived  in  this  land,  out  of  the 
deep  foundations  of  civil,  moral,  and  intellectual  truth 
from  which  we  have  drawn  in  England  ?  What  Ameri- 
can does  not  feel  proud  that  his  fathers  were  the  country- 
men of  Bacon,  of  Newton,  and  of  Locke?  Who  does  not 
know  that  every  pulse  of  civil  liberty  in  the  heart  of  our 
ancestors,  the  sobriety,  the  firmness,  and  the  dignity  with 
which  the  cause  of  free  principles  came  into  existence 
here,  constantly  found  encouragement  from  the  friends  of 
Liberty  there  ?  For  myself,  I  can  truly  say  that,  after 
my  native  land,  I  feel  a  strong  reverence  for  that  of  my 
fathers. — Edward  Everett. 

XLIV. 

Wherever  literature  consoles  sorrow  or  assuages  pain  ; 
wherever  it  brings  gladness  to  eyes  which  fail  v*ith  wake- 


130  THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 

fulness  and  tears,  and  ache  for  the  dark  house  and  the 
long  sleep — there  is  exhibited  in  its  noblest  form  the  im- 
mortal influence  of  Athens. 

In  the  Great  Abbey,  which  has,  during  many  ages,  af- 
forded a  quiet  resting-place  to  those  whose  minds  and 
bodies  have  been  shattered  by  the  contentions  of  the  Great 
Hall,  the  dust  of  the  illustrious  accused  should  have  mingled 
with  the  dust  of  the  illustrious  accusers. — Macaulay. 

XLV. 

The  quality  of  mercy  is  not  strained, 

It  droppeth  as  the  gentle  rain  from  heaven 

Upon  the  place  beneath.     It  is  twice  blest : 

It  blesseth  him  that  gives  and  him  that  takes. 

It  is  mightiest  in  the  mightiest  ;  it  becomes 

The  throned  monarch  better  than  his  crown ; 

His  sceptre  shows  the  force  of  temporal  power, 

The  attribute  to  awe  and  majesty, 

Wherein  does  sit  the  dread  and  fear  of  kings. 

But  mercy  is  above  this  sceptred  sway  ; 

It  is  enthroned  in  the  hearts  of  kings  ; 

It  is  an  attribute  to  God  Himself. 

— Shakespeare. 

XLVI. 

Books  are  our  most  steadfast  friends ;  they  are  our  re- 
source in  loneliness ;  they  go  with  us  on  our  journeys , 
they  await  our  return ;  they  are  our  best  company ;  they 
are  a  refuge  in  pain ;  they  breathe  peace  upon  our  trou- 
bles ;  they  await  age  as  ministers  of  youth  and  cheer ;  they 
bring  the  whole  world  of  men  and  things  to  our  feet ; 
they  put  us  in  the  centre  of  the  world ;  they  summon  us 
away  from  our  narrow  life  to  their  greatness,  from  our 
ignorance  to  their  wisdom,  from  our  partial  or  distem- 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER.  131 

pered  vision  to  their  calm  and  universal  verdicts. —  T.  T. 
Munger. 

XLVII. 

Art  is  intended  to  make  us  contemplate  the  true  and  the 
infinite  in  forms  of  sense.  Yet  even  art  does  not  fully  sat- 
isfy the  deepest  need  of  the  soul.  The  soul  wants  to  con- 
template truth  in  its  inmost  consciousness.  Religion  is 
placed  above  the  dominion  of  art. — Schiller. 

Fashion  is  an  odd  jumble  of  contradictions,  of  sympa- 
thies and  antipathies.  It  exists  only  by  its  being  partici- 
pated in  by  a  certain  number  of  persons,  and  its  essence 
is  destroyed  by  being  communicated  to  a  greater  number. 
.  .  .  Fashion  constantly  begins  and  ends  in  the  two  things 
it  abhors  most — singularity  and  vulgarity.— Hazlitt. 

XLVIII. 

The  whole  function  of  the  artist  in  the  world  is  to  be  a 
seeing  and  a  feeling  creature  ;  to  be  an  instrument  of  such 
tendencies  and  sensitiveness  that  no  shadow,  no  hue,  no 
line,  no  instantaneous  and  evanescent  expression  of  the 
visible  things  around  him,  nor  any  of  the  emotions  which 
they  are  capable  of  conveying  to  the  spirit  which  has  been 
given  him,  shall  either  be  left  unrecorded,  or  fade  from 
the  book  of  record. — Ruskin. 

Freedom  in  a  democracy  is  the  glory  of  the  State,  and, 
therefore,  in  a  democracy  only  will  the  freeman  of  Nature 
deign  to  dwell. — Plato. 

XLIX. 

Culture  implies  all  which  gives  the  mind  possession  of 
its  own  power,  as  languages  to  the  critic,  telescope  to  the 
astronomer.  Culture  alters  the  political  status  of  an  in- 
dividual. It  raises  a  rival  royalty  in  a  monarchy.  'Tis 


132  THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

king  against  king.  It  is  ever  the  romance  of  history  in 
all  dynasties — the  copresence  of  the  revolutionary  force  in 
intellect.  It  creates  a  personal  independence  which  the 
monarch  cannot  look  down,  and  to  which  he  must  often 
succumb. — Ralph  Waldo  Emerson. 

Culture,  merely  for  culture's  sake,  can  never  be  anything 
but  a  sapless  root,  capable  of  producing  at  best  a  shrivelled 
branch. —  Y.  W.  Cross. 


Every  faculty  of  the  mind,  like  every  organ  of  the  body, 
must  have  its  appropriate  culture.  The  cultivation  of  the 
memory  and  the  reasoning  powers  can  not  take  the  place 
or  supersede  the  necessity  of  cultivating  the  taste  and  the 
imagination.  The  exercise  of  the  hands  and  feet  is  no  sub- 
stitute for  the  training  of  the  voice.  Still  less  can  the  dis- 
cipline of  the  mind  supersede  the  training  of  the  body, 
and  of  itself  secure  bodily  health,  beauty  of  person,  or 
grace  in  action.  Good  writing,  like  everything  else  in 
our  world,  has  a  body  as  well  as  a  soul ;  and  the  body 
as  well  as  the  soul  must  have  its  specific  care  and  culture. 
—  Tyler. 

LI. 

The  awakening  of  our  best  sympathies,  the  cultivation 
of  our  best  and  purest  tastes,  strengthening  the  desire  to 
be  useful  and  good,  and  directing  youthful  ambition  to 
unselfish  ends — such  are  the  objects  of  true  education. — y. 
T.  Headley. 

An  earthly  immortality  belongs  to  a  great  and  good 
character.  History  embalms  it ;  it  lives  in  its  moral  influ- 
ence, in  its  authority,  in  its  example,  in  the  memory  of 
the  words  and  deeds  in  which  it  was  manifested ;  and  as 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  133 

every  age  adds  to  the  illustrations  of  its  efficacy,  it  may 
chance  to  be  the  best  understood  by  a  remote  posterity. 
— Edward  Everett. 

LIT. 

The  skin  forms  two  layers,  the  derma,  or  true  skin,  and 
its  protecting  covering,  or  epidermis,  which  is  continu- 
ally destroyed  and  reproduced.  The  derma  is  a  dense 
membrane,  containing  nerves,  blood-vessels,  oil-glands, 
lymphatic  glands  and  perspiratory  glands.  Each  performs 
its  appointed  function,  to  secrete,  absorb,  or  excrete. 
The  constant  accumulation  of  the  worn  out  parts  of  the 
epidermis  necessitates  bathing.  Many  skin  diseases  are 
caused  by  insufficient  attention  to  cleanliness. 

LIII. 

A  partial  vocabulary  relating  to  disease  may  be  named 
in  two  paragraphs  : — 

Medicine,  diphtheria,  rheumatism,  remedy,  ague,  cough, 
bilious,  croup,  cancer,  fever,  catarrh,  typhoid,  cholera, 
consumption,  measles,  symptom,  asthma,  malaria,  scrofula, 
bronchitis,  pleurisy,  phthisic,  neuralgia,  dyspepsia  and 
pneumonia. 

Anatomy,  hygiene,  periosteum,  cartilage,  ligaments, 
muscles,  fractures,  exhaustion,  beverages,  appetite,  effer- 
vescent, condiments,  irritant,  corpuscles,  coagulation, 
trachea,  glottis,  diaphragm,  asphyxia,  resuscitation  and 
inflammation. 

LIV. 

A  broad  field  of  botanical  study  is  embodied  in  the  fol- 
lowing topics :  Absorption,  conduction,  transpiration, 
assimilation,  translocation,  respiration  and  reproduction. 


134  THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 

The  ovules  are  fertilized  by  the  pollen.  The  pollen 
reaches  the  ovule,  and  sets  up  the  peculiar  growth  upon 
its  moist  and  permeable  tissue,  which  results  in  the  pro- 
duction of  an  embryo. 

Dandelion,  hepatica,  arbutus,  orchis,  anemone,  balsam, 
gentian,  peony,  fuchsia,  dahlia,  daffodil,  heliotrope,  wis- 
taria, hyacinth,  alyssum,  verbena,  magnolia,  golden-rod, 
mignonette  and  chrysanthemum  are  common  names  of 
flowers. 

LV. 

Geology,  since  the  earliest  periods,  has  appealed  to  dif- 
ferent sides  of  human  character.  Man  bows  in  reverence 
to  worship  mysterious  nature  or  explore  the  rocks  in 
quest  of  mineral  treasures.  The  orthography  and  ety- 
mology of  the  language  of  rocks  lie  in  the  province  of 
mineralogy,  and  the  syntax  and  prosody  belong  to  the 
realm  of  geology.  In  a  language  of  which  the  letters  are 
minerals,  and  the  words  are  rock-types,  is  written  for  us 
the  whole  story  of  terrestrial  evolution,  through 

"  The  fairy  tales  of  science 

And  the  long  results  of  time." 

LVI. 

"  Except  for  a  very  thin  covering  of  vegetable  soil, 
which  is  a  kind  of  epidermis,  the  crust  of  the  earth  is  coiru 
posed  of  materials  to  which  the  name  rock  is  applied,  even 
when,  like  sand  and  clay,  they  are  of  little  coherency.  All 
ot  these  masses  have  been  formed  successively,  during 
periods  01  extremely  long  duration,  and  in  the  midst  of 
conditions  of  which  they  bear  in  themselves  the  charac- 
teristic marks.  They  are  veritable  monuments,  which 
delineate  in  their  essential  traits  the  successive  revolutions 
of  our  globe." 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER.  135 

LVII. 

The  rocks  constituting  the  greater  part  of  the  conti- 
nents are  called  stratified,  because  they  are  divided  into 
large  parallel  layers,  to  which  is  given  the  name  strata  or 
beds.  Rocks  of  this  category,  whatever  their  composi- 
tion, have  been  formed  in  the  seas  and  lakes  by  sediments 
and  organisms.  A  sure  proof  of  this  truth  is  furnished  by 
the  pebbles  and  sands,  and  the  innumerable  remains  of 
fossilized  marine  animals  are  a  still  more  eloquent  testi- 
mony to  it.  Having  risen  from  very  deep  regions,  they 
are  designated  as  eruptive  rocks. — G.  A.  Daubrie. 

LVIII. 

The  existence  of  boulders,  miles  removed  from  their 
parent  rocks,  can  only  be  explained  by  the  transporting 
agency  of  glaciers,  which  in  former  ages  moved  in  rivers 
of  ice  down  the  mountain  sides,  floated  their  melting  ice- 
bergs, and  deposited  their  loads  of  rocky  debris  in  valleys 
which  were  then  bottoms  of  unknown  seas.  Nothing  in 
nature  is  more  grand  than  the  vast  glacier  in  its  slow  but 
constant  movement.  Many  of  the  rocks  seen  upon  our 
hillsides  are  results  of  ancient  glacial  drift. 

LIX. 

The  breathing  of  the  earth  affords  a  wide  field  for  sci- 
entific activity  and  gives  rise  to  fanciful  theories  as  to  its 
cause.  Statistics  of  earthquakes  tend  to  corroborate  the 
scientific  suggestion  that  the  primary  cause  resides  in  the 
upper  layers  of  the  earth's  crust,  and  the  motive  power 
is,  directly  or  indirectly,  the  internal  heat  of  the  earth. 
The  earth  is  shaken  by  tremors  so  incessant  that  there 
is  never  a  moment  of  perfect  rest,  and  so  minute  as  to 
remain  unsuspected  without  the  intervention  of  the  most 
delicate  instruments. — G.  H.  Darwin. 


136 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 


REVIEW   LESSONS. 


LX. 

mu'tu  al  ly 
car  bon'ic 
ab'so  lute  ly 
pre  serve' 
health'ful  ness 
har'mo  ny 
spe'cies 
ge  o  graph'i  cal 
en  vi'ron  ment 
li'a  ble 

mod  i  fi  ca'tion 
val'u  a  ble 
spontaneously 
sig  nif'i  cant 
char'ac  ter  ize 
pe  cul'iar  ly 
a  dap  ta  bil'i  ty 
cushioned 
ca  pac'i  ty 
jour'ney  ing 
lla'ma 
sym'bol  ize 
im  mu'ta  ble 
rev  e  la'tion 
mys'ter  y 


LXL 


LXII. 


LXIII. 


es'sence 

cor  rupt' 

bul'wark 

ap  pre'ci  a  ble  com  mu'ni  cat  ing 

cham'pi  on 

se  ver'i  ty 

en'er  vate 

com'pro  mise 

trop'i  cal 

neigh'bors 

pro  hib'it  ed 

gov  ern  men'tal 

fi  nan'cial 

sec'tion  al 

com  mu'ni  ties 

prop  o  si'tion 

dis  cus'sion 

vig'or  ous 

sa  ga'cious 

doc'trine 

manifestations 

cap'i  tal  ists 

nul  li  fi  ca'tion 

e  las  tic'i  ty 

cred'i  tors 

re  char'ter 

functions 

rev'e  nue 

op  po''nents 

par'a  ly  zing 

tar'ifj 

ad  ver'si  ty 

de  bil'i  tat  ing 

in  ci  den'tal 

en'ter  prise 

fac'ul  ties 

fed'er  al 

stim'u  lat  ed 

sus  cep'ti  ble 

in  au'gu  rat  ed 

em  i  gra'tion 

sa  lu'bri  ty 

pres'i  den  cy 

bound'a  ries 

sub  stan'tial 

dec'i  mal 

au  to  mat'ic 

dis  tri  bu'tion 

cur'ren  cy 

ir  re  sist'i  ble 

ac'ci  dent 

u  ni  ver'si  ty 

a  mel'io  rat  ing 

cli  mat'ic 

daz'zling 

hu'man  i  zing 

ad  ja'cent 

in  vi'o  la  ble 

ra'tion  al 

op'er  at  ed 

un  tir'ing 

in  ev'i  ta  ble 

nav  i  ga'tion 

vig'i  lance 

as  sas'si  nat  cd 

in  ven'tion 

en  croach'ment 

con  spic'u  ous 

tel'e  graph 

sub  or'di  nate 

ob  scu'ri  ty 

her'bage 

a  nal'o  gy 

at'ti  tudes 

THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


137 


LXIV. 

LXV. 

LXVI. 

LXVII. 

per  spec'tive 

e  the're  al 

in  ju  di'cious 

bat'ter  ies 

des'tined 

as  so'ci  a  ted 

par'si  mo  ny 

neg'a  tive 

transient 

pres  er  va'tion 

sub  di  vi'sion 

pos'i  tive 

ad  mi  ra'tion 

pre  dom'i  nant 

multiplication 

phys  i  o  log'ic  al 

eu'lo  gized 

re  bel'lion 

mor'al  ize 

con  cen'trate 

pan  e  gyr'ic 

in  cal'cu  la  ble 

i  den'ti  fied 

light'ning 

en  shrined' 

sal'a  ried 

hon'or  a  ble 

lit'er  ature 

reconstruction 

qual  i  fi  ca'tions 

vo  ca'tion 

gra'cious 

so  lu'tion 

ef  fi'cien  cy 

in  her'it  ed 

do  mes'tic 

a  mend'ment 

mag'ni  tude 

ac  cept'a  ble 

blem'ish 

a  bol'ish  ing 

con'science 

shrewd 

dis  as'ters 

rat'i  fied 

ab  hor'rence 

i  so  la'tion 

in  cur'a  ble 

or'di  nan  ces 

an'nu  al  ly 

sur  veil'lance 

pro  pen'si  ty 

se  ces'sion 

as  sess'ors 

sus  pi'cion 

en  thu'si  asm 

re  pu'di  a  ted 

sen'ti  ment 

sen'so  ry 

fa  nat'i  cism 

guar'an  teed' 

le  git'i  mate 

spi'nal 

cru  sad'ers 

ar  bi  tra'tion 

ul'ti  mate  ly 

ver'te  brae 

suffice' 

a  bridged' 

man'u  al 

cer'ebrum 

re  fute' 

pre'vi  ous 

com  mod'i  ties 

cer  e  bel'lum 

im  pu  ta'tion 

serv'i  tude 

mu  nic'i  pal 

ap  prox'i  mate 

in  con'stan  cy 

sig'nal  ize 

in  debt'ed  ness 

mu'cous 

ar  is  toc'ra  cies 

re  sump'tion 

en  hanced' 

mem'brane 

dem'a  gogues 

come'ly 

e  con'o  my 

vi  bra'tions 

par'lia  ments 

buoy'ant 

ex  trav'a  gance 

ap  pa  ra'tus 

con  tem  pla'tions 

ma'tron  ly 

sub  ver'sive 

im  pal'pa  ble 

ha  bit'u  al  ly 

138 

THE   MORSE 

SPELLER. 

LXVIII. 

LXIX 

LXX. 

LXXI. 

cer  e  mo'ni  ous 

an  tip'a  thies 

oil'-glands 

phthi'sic 

hom'age 

jum'ble 

lym  phat'ic 

neu  ral'gi  a 

in  tol'er  a  ble 

par  tic'i  pa  ted 

per  spir'a  to  ry 

dys  pep'si  a 

com  mune' 

commu'nicat  ed 

se  crete' 

pneu  mo'ni  a 

foun  da'tions 

sin  gu  lar'i  ty 

accumula'tion 

a  nat'o  my 

an'ces  tors 

vul  gar'i  ty 

vo  cab'u  la  ry 

hy'gi  ene 

so  bri'e  ty 

in'stru  ment 

par'a  graph 

per  i  os'te  um 

as  suag'es 

in  stan  ta'ne  ous 

med'i  cine 

car'ti  lage 

recon  cilia'tion 

ev  a  nes'cent 

diph  the'ri  a 

lig'a  ments 

en'mi  ties 

de  moc'ra  cy 

rheu'ma  tism 

frac'tures 

gen  er  a'tions 

deign 

rem'e  dy 

ex  haus'tion 

con  ten'tion 

tel'e  scope 

a'gue 

bev'er  ag  es 

scep'tre 

as  tron'o  mer 

bil'ious 

ap'pe  tite 

tetn'po  ral 

dy'nas  ties 

ca  tarrh' 

ef  fer  ves'cent 

steadfast 

ro  mance' 

can'cer 

con'di  ments 

re  source' 

sue  cumb' 

ty'phoid 

ir'ri  tant 

lone'li  ness 

shriv'elled 

chol'er  a 

cor'pus  cles 

ig'no  ranee 

ap  pro'pri  ate 

con  sump'tion 

co  ag  u  la'tion 

dis  tem'pered 

su  per  sede' 

mea'sles 

tra'che  a 

u  ni  ver'sal 

in  au  gu  ra'tion 

symp'toms 

glot'tis 

ver'dict 

man'i  fest  ed 

asth'ma 

di'a  phragm 

in'fi  nite 

ef'fi  ca  cy 

ma  la'ri  a 

as  phyx'i  a 

do  min'ion 

pos  ter'i  ty 

scrof'u  la 

resusci  ta'tion 

con  tra  dic'tion 

der'ma 

bron  chi'tis 

in  flam  ma'tion 

sym'pa  thies 

ep  i  der'mis 

pleu'ri  sy 

bo  tan'ic  al 

LXXII. 

trans  pi  ra'tion 
as  sim  i  la'tion 
trans  lo  ca'tion 
res  pi  ra'tion 
pre  sum'a  ble 
em'bry  o 
re  frac'tion 
ar'bu  tus 
or'chis 
a  nem'o  ne 
gen'tian 
bal'sam 
pe'o  ny 
fuch'si  a 
dah'lia 
daf'fo  dil 
he'li  o  trope 
wis  ta'ri  a 
hy'a  cinth 
a  lys'sum 
ver  be'na 
mag  no'  li  a 
mi  gnon  ette' 
chrys  an'the  mum 
sta  tis'tics 


THE    MORSE    SPELLER. 
LXXIII.  LXXIV. 


139 


LXXV. 


ge  ol'o  gy          sas'sa  fras  e  qui  lib'ri  um 

orthog'raphy  pen'u  ry  obtainable 

et  y  mol'o  gy    con  ta'gion          mer  cu'ri  al 
min  er  al'o  gy    ep  i  dem'ic  or'i  fice 

syn'tax  an  tag'o  nist        e  nu'mer  ate 

pros'o  dy  pau'per  ism          ob'sti  na  cy 

ter  res'tri  al       sus  cep  ti  bil'i  ty  syl'la  bus 
ev  o  lu'tion       vi  cis'si  tude        mo  nop'o  ly 

pha'e  ton         heterogeneous 
rep'ri  mand          ep'i  lep  sy 
en  cy  clo  pae'di  a  E  pis'co  pal 
pen'du  lum          em'is  sa  ry 
ad  mon'ish  ste  re  op'ti  con 

au  then  tic'i  ty    gram  mat'ic  al 
co  a  li'tion  pla'gia  rism 


ver'i  ta  ble 

de  lin'eate 

strat'i  fied 

cat'e  go  ry 

sed'i  ments 

fos'sil  ize 

el'o  quent 

des'ig  nat  ed     in  nu  en'do 

boul'ders  in  sin'u  ate 

gla'ciers 

de  bris7 

ice'berg 

in  im'i  cal 


pur  vey'ance 
pu'tre  fy 
re  cur' rent 
re  ju've  nate 
re  sid'u  al 


rasp'ber  ry 

cha'os 

as  par'a  gus 

ca  tas'tro  phe       re  tal'i  ate 
in  sur'gent        hon'ey  sue  kle     U  ni  ta'ri  an 
in  ter  ven'tion  rec  on  noi'ter       sed'u  lous 
in  ces'sant         rhu'barb  sed'en  ta  ry 

cor  rob'o  rate    sub  serv'i  ence    si  mil'i  tude 


140 


LXXVI. 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 

SELECTED  WORDS. 

To  be  written  in  sentences  by  the  pupil. 

LXXVII.        LXXVIII.  LXXIX. 


^aggres'sion 

quar'rel 

ker  o  sene' 

de  fraud' 

es'cort 

ju've  nile 

de  cid'u  ous 

sem'i  na  ry 

re  ga'li  a 

ro  tun'da 

peren'ni  al 

pur'ga  to  ry 

en  liv'en  ing 

for'mi  da  ble 

ex  ot'ic 

ben  e  fac'tor 

con  verse' 

ves'ti  bule 

dis  cre'tion 

ar  bi  tra'tion 

mov'a  ble 

cem'e  ter  y 

trus  tee' 

ca  price' 

in'va  lid 

ped'es  tal 

trans  gres'sion 

pre  lim'i  na  ry 

no'tice  a  ble 

be  guile' 

su  per  in  tend'ent 

a  tro'cious 

gallant 

min'a  ret 

li  bra'ri  an 

fau'cet 

an'gri  ly 

def'i  cit 

ab  do'men 

pro  pri'e  tor 

man'age  a  ble 

bal'us  trade 

cen'sus 

com'bat  ant 

al  lay'ing 

ur'gen  cy 

mis'sive 

per'se  cute 

an  noy'ance 

un  re  lent'ing 

ac  cli'mate 

ob'sta  cle 

fi  del'i  ty 

sol'i  ta  ry 

fan  tas'tic 

et'i  quette 

as  ser'tion 

rid'i  cule 

te  leg'ra  phy 

ap  plaud' 

shrub'ber  y 

con  fu'sion 

a  droit' 

loz'enge 

eq'ui  page 

tap  i  o'ca 

pho  tog'ra  pher 

a  gil'i  ty 

con'strue 

ex  cur'sion 

au'di  ble 

pin'na  cle 

le'ni  ent 

in  cis'ion 

de  cep'tion 

hur'ri  cane 

mer'can  tile 

sal  e  ra'tus 

de'cen  cy 

tab'er  na  cle 

hy  poc'ri  sy 

hom'i  ny 

pen'i  tent 

an  gel'ic 

ma  gi'cian 

choc'o  late 

sen'si  tive 

the  at'ric  al 

cov'et  ous 

pre  cis'ion 

per  vade' 

em  balm' 

chis'eled 

con  vul'sion 

liv'er  y 

sur'gi  cal 

gos'sip 

sun'dries 

drudg'er  y 

fas'ci  nate 

THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


141 


LXXX. 

skep'tic  al 

res'tau  rant 

crin'o  line 

spec'tre 

lin'guist 

nymph 

ru'di  ments 

phan'tom 

o'gre 

hos  til'i  ty 

vol  un  teer' 

hu  mil'i  ty 

fri  vol'i  ty 

ar  ti  fi'cial 

au'di  tor 

hid'e  ous 

no'ta  ry 

pa'thos 

mi'cro  scope 

fil'ial 

ba  rom'e  ter 

pho'no  graph 

ver'dict 

er  ro'ne  ous 

prod'i  gal 


LXXXI. 

sac'ra  ment 
car'ni  val 
de  fi'cien  cy 
punc  tu  al'i  ty 
req'ui  site 
a  pos'tle 
ve  loc'i  ty 
i  dol'a  try 
com  mem'o  rate 
for'fei  ture 
ra'di  ant 
prev'a  lence 
proc  la  ma'tion 
main'te  nance 
ex  or'bi  tant 
en  er  get'ic 
con'so  nant 
sig'na  ture 
cou'pon 
chas'tise  ment 
blas'phe  mous 
bel  lig'er  ent 
am  bus  cade' 
fur'lough 
dem'on  strate* 


LXXXII. 

pa  ter'nal 
mag  a  zine' 
pol'y  gon 
ho  moe  op'a  thy 
ath'lete 
graph'ic 
vin  dic'tive 
hem'or  rhage 
zo  6l'o  gy 
no  ti  fi  ca'tion 
ex  pe'di  ent 
tech'nic  al 
bi  og'ra  phy 
aq'ue  ducts 
mas  quer  ade' 
re  lin'quish 
so  lil'o  quy 
ver'sion 
ab  o  rig'i  nes 
an  tag'o  nist 
pit'tance 
con  spir'a  cy 
a  pol'q  gy 
pro  mis'cu  ous 
em'pha  sis 


LXXXIII. 

syn  op'sis 
an  te  ce'dent 
ac  qui  esce' 
a  nal'y  sis 
glyc'er  in 
id'i  om 

in  ter  rog'a  tive 
am  a  teur' 
sat'el  lite 
cat'er  pil  lar 
o  ri  en'tal 
pes'ti  lence 
suffo  cate 
an  te  di  lu'vi  an 
di  lenVma 
con  tral'to 
de  pre'ci  ate 
an'te  date 
ma  raud'er 
ef  fer  vesce' 
col  lapse' 
ap  pen'dix 
trans  mi  gra'tion 
scheme 
sem'i  co  Ion 


*  or  de  mon'strate 


142 

THE    MORSE 

LXXXIV. 

LXXXV. 

tan'ta  lize 

fil'i  gree 

te'di  ous 

ere  den'tial 

pre  ma  ture' 

fu'mi  gate 

col'league 

sanction 

a'the  ist 

car'i  ca  ture^ 

sched'ule 

fluc'tu  ate 

an'ti  dote 

con  do'lence 

hy  per  bo're  an 

ca  nine' 

syn'o  nym 

fal'con 

an'arch  ist 

mon'as  ter  y 

cat'e  chism 

ben'zine 

a  nom'a  ly 

tac'i  turn 

sym'pho  ny 

mor'phine 

an  tip'a  thy 

nau'se  a 

a  non'y  mous 

ster'e  o  type 

res  ur  rec'tion 

va  nil'la 

per  ni'cious 

in  cen'di  a  ry 

pil'grim  age 

pe  cun'i  a  ry 

re  tal'i  ate 

so  no'rous 

co  er'cion 

phil  an'thro  py 

a  lac'ri  ty 

va'grant 

math  e  mat'i  cal 

fea'si  ble 

fra  ter'ni  ty 

pen  i  ten'tia  ry 

fal'li  ble 

tra  ge'di  an 

mer'ce  na  ry 

phe  nom'e  non 

LXXXVI.     LXXXVII. 


hy'phen 
vogue 
ex  hil'a  rate 
lit  i  ga'tion 
mac  a  ro'ni 
pro  lif'ic 
af  fi  da'vit 
in  teg'ri  ty 
cod'i  cil 
for'ti  tude 
ha  rangue' 
mac  a  roon' 
ver  mil'ion 
cylrin  der 
gro  tesque' 
lus'cious 
de  lude' 
re  cip'i  ent 
par'a  site 
lu'di  crous 
lo  qua'cious 
al'le  go  ry 
ma  neu'ver 
gar'ru  lous 
weird 


ur  bane' 
vi'ti  ate 
af'fa  ble 
lu'cra  tive 
as  trin'gent 
ve'he  mence 
met'a  phor 
os'cil  late 
co  a lesce' 
ob'so  lete 
pa  vil'ion 
sou  ve  nir' 
co  logne' 
se  di'tion 
tur'pen  tine 
bash'ful 

par  al  lel'o  gram 
chron'ic 
vac'ci  nate 
con  va  lesce' 
tel'e  scope 
chlo'ro  form 
chro  nom'e  ter 
mag  ne'si  a 
tinc'ture 


ABBREVIATIONS  USED  IN  WRITING  AND  PRINTING. 


A.  B. — Bachelor  of  Arts 
Acct. — Account 
A.  D. — In  the  year  of  our  Lord 
AC  lib, — At  pleasure 
Aclmr. — Ad  ministrator 
Aclmx. — Administratrix 
A&rt.— Agent 
Ala. — Alabama 

A.  M—  Master  of  Arts ;  Before 

noon 

An. — In  the  year 
Anon. — Anonymous 
Alls. — Answer 
Apr. — April 
Arith. — Arithmetic 
Ark. — Arkansas 
Aug.— August 
Bal. — Balance 

B.  C. — Before  Christ 
Bro. — Brother 
Bros.— Brothers 
Bush— Bushel 

C. — One  hundred 
Cal. — California 
Cap. — Capital 
Capt. — Captain 

C.  E. — Civil  Engineer 
Chap. — Chapter 
Chas.— Charles 

Co. — Company  ;  County 
C.  0.  D.— Cash  on  Delivery 
Col. — Colonel 
Coll.— College 
Conn. — Connecticut 


Cor.  Sec. — Corresponding  Secre- 
tary 

Cr. — Credit ;  Creditor 

Cts.— Cents 

Cwt. — Hundredweight 

D.  C. — District  of  Columbia 

D.  D. — Doctor  of  Divinity 

Dea. — Deacon 

Del.— Delaware 

Dept. — Department 

Doz. — Dozen 

Dr.— Debtor ;  Doctor 

E.— East 

Ed. — Editor  ;  Edition 

e.  g. — For  example 

Eng. — England 

Esq.— Esquire 

Etc. — And  others  ;  and  soforth 
and  the  like 

Ex. — Example  ;  Exodus 

Feb. — February 

Flor. — Florida 

Fri.— Friday 

F.  K.  S.— Fellow  of  the  Royal 

Society 
Ga. — Georgia 

G.  B.— Great  Britain 
Gen. — General 
Geo. — George 

Gov. — Governor 

Hhd. — Hogshead 

Hon. — Honorable 

H.  R. — House  of  Representatives 

Id. — The  same 


144 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


i.  e.— That  is 

I.H.S. — Jesus  the  Saviour  of  Men 
Ind. — Indiana 
111.— Illinois 
Inst. — Instant 
Int, — Interest 
lla.— Iowa 
I.  0.  IT. — I  owe  you 
It.  or  Ital.— Italic  ;  Italian 
Jan. — January 
Jr. — Junior 
Kan. — Kansas 
Ken. — Kentucky 
£. — Pound  sterling 
La. — Louisiana 
L.  I.— Long  Island 
Lib. — Librarian 
Lieut. — Lieutenant 
LL.  B. — Bachelor  of  Laws 
LL.  D.— Doctor  of  Laws 
Long. — Longitude 
Lou.,  La. — Louisiana 
L.  S. — Place  of  the  Seal 
M. — Marquis  ;  Monsieur ;  Thou- 
sand ;  Meridian;  Noon 
M.  A. — Master  of  Arts 
Maj.— Major 
Mar. — March 
Mass. — Massachusetts 
M.  C. — Member  of  Congress 
l,M.  D. — Doctor  of  Medicine 
Md. — Maryland 
Me. — Maine 

Messrs. — Gentlemen  ;  Sirs 
Mich. — Michigan 
Minn. — Minnesota 
Miss. — M  ississippi 
Mme. — Madame 
JIo. — Missouri 


Mon. — Monday;  Montana 

M.  P. — Member  of  Parliament 

Mr. — Master  or  Mister 

Mrs. — Mistress  or  Misses 

Mt. — Mount  or  Mountain 

N.— North 

N.  A. — North  America 

N.  B.— Take  Notice 

N.^J.— North  Carolina 

N.  D.— North  Dakota 

N.  E. — North  East;  New  England 

Neb. — Nebraska 

N.  H.— New  Hampshire 

N.  J. — New  Jersey 

No. — Number 

Nov.— Novembe* 

N.  S.— Nova  Scotia  ;  New  Style 

N.  Y.— New  York 

0—  Ohio 

Oct. — October 

Or. — Oregon 

0.  S— Old  Style 

Penn. — Pennsylvania 

Per  annum. — By  the  year 

Per  cent. — By  the  hundred 

pp.— Pages 

Ph.  D. — Doctor  of  Philosophy 

Phila. — Philadelphia 

P.  M. — Post-master  ;  Afternoon 

P.  0. — Post-office 

Pres. — President 

Prof. — Professor 

Pro  tern. — For  the  time  being 

Prox. — Of  the  next  month 

P.  S. — Postscript 

Rec.  Sec. —Recording  Secretary 

Rev. — Reverend 

R.  I.— Rhode  Island 

R.  R. — Railroad 


THE    MORSE   SPELLER. 


146 


S.— South 

S.  A. — South  America 

Sat. — Saturday 

S.  C. — South  Carolina 

S.  D. — South  Dakota 

Sec. — Secretary 

Sept. — September 

Sq. — Square 

S.  T.  D. — Doctor  of  Divinity 

Sun. — Sunday 

Supt. — Superintendent 

Tenn. — Tennessee 

Tex.— Texas 

Thurs. — Thursday 

Univ. — University 


U.  S. — United  States 

IT.  S.  A. — United  States  of  Amer 

ica  ;  United  States  Armv 
Va. — Virginia 
Viz. — Namely ;  to  wit 
Vol.— Volume 

Vs. — Against ;  In  opposition 
Vt. — Vermont 
W.— West ;  Welsh 
Wash. — Washington 
Wed.— Wednesday 
W.  I.— West  Indies 
Wis. — Wisconsin 
W.  Va.— West  Virginia 
Yds— Yards 


LATIN  WORDS  AND  PHRASES. 


Ab  initio — From  the  beginning 

Ad  infinitum — To  infinity 

Ad  interim — In  the  meanwhile 

Ad  libitum — At  pleasure 

Ad  valorem — According  to  value 

Alias — Otherwise 

Alibi — Elsewhere 

Amor  patriae — Love  of  one's 

country 
Anno  Domini — In  the  year  of 

our  Lord 

Ante  bellum — Before  the  war 
Ante  meridiem — Before  noon 
A  priori — From  cause  to  effect 
Bona  fide— In  good  faith 
De  facto— From  the  fact 
Dei  gratia— By  the  grace  of 

God 


De  novo — Anew 

Deo  volente— God  willing 

De  profundis — Out  of  the  depth 

Disjecta  membra— Scattered 

remains 

Ecce  homo — Behold  the  man 
E  pluribus  unum— One  out  of 

many 

Erratum— An  error 
Exeunt — They  go  out 
Ex  officio — By   virtue   of  h?s 

office 

Ex  parte — On  one  side  only 
Extempore—- Without  premedi- 
tation 

Fac  simile — A  close  imitation 
Festina  lente— Hasten  slowly 
Fortiter  in  re— Firm  in  action 


146 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER. 


Gloria  in  excelsis — Glory  to 

God  in  the  highest 
Id  est — That  is 
In  extenso — At  length;  in  full 
In  extremis — At  the  point  of 

death 

Incognito — Unknown 
In  loco  parentis— In  the  place 

of  a  parent 

In  memoriam — In  memory 
In  statu  quo — In   the   former 

state 

Interim — In  the  meanwhile 
In  transitu — On  the  passage 
Inter  nos — Between  ourselves 
Ipse  dixit— He  himself  said  it 
Lapsus   linguae — Slip    of   the 

tongue 

Laus  Deo— Praise  to  God 
Memoriter— By  rote 
Mens  sana  in  corpore  sano— A 

sound  mind  in  a  sound  body 
Mirabile  dictu — Wonderful  to 

be  told 
Modus   operandi — Manner   of 

operation 
Multum  in  parvo — Much    in 

little 


Mutatis  mutandis— The  neces- 
sary changes  being  maae 
Nolens  volens — Willing  or  not 
Nolle  prosequi— Unwilling  to 

proceed 

Non  sequitur — It  does  not  fol- 
low 

Nota  bene — Mark  well 
Per  annum — By  the  year 
Per  capita— By  the  head 
Per  centum — By  the  hundred 
Per  diem — By  the  day 
Per  se— By  itself 
Post  mortem — After  death 
Pro  bono  publico — For  the  pub- 
lic good 

Pro  rata— In  proportion 
Quid  pro  quo — An  equivalent 
Sine  die — Without  day 
Sine  qua  non— An  indispensa- 
ble condition 

Ultimatum — The  last  condition 
Verbatim  et  literatim— Word 
for  word  and  letter  for  lettei 
Via — By  the  way 
Vice  versa — The  terms   being 

exchanged 
Viva  voce — By  the  living  voice 


FRENCH  WORDS  AND  PHRASES. 


A  la  mode— In  the  fashion  An  revoir— Farewell    till 
A  propos — To  the  point  meet  again 

Au  contraire— On  the  contrary  Billet  doux— A  love  letter 

Au  fait  —Skilful ;  expert  Bizarre— Odd  ;  fantastic 

Au  fond— To  the  bottom  Blase — Surfeited 


we 


THE   MORSE   SPELLER, 


147 


Bonhomie — Good-natured  sim- 
plicity 

Bon  jour — Good-day 

Bon  mot — A  witticism 

Bonne  foi — Good  faith 

Carte  blanche — Full  power 

Chef-d'oauvre — A  master-piece 

Gomme  il  faut — As  it  should  be 

Contretemps — An  awkward  mis- 
hap 

Coup  d'etat — A  stroke  of  policy 

Coup  d'oeil — A  glance 

Coute  qu'il  coute— Let  it  cost 
what  it  may 

Cuisine — A  kitchen 

Debut — First  appearance 

Eclat — Splendor 

Elite — A  selected  body  of  per- 
sons 

Encore— Again 

En  masse— In  a  body 

En  route — On  the  way 

Ensemble — The  whole 

Entre  nous — Between  ourselves 

Esprit  de  corps — The  animat- 
ing spirit  of  a  collective 
body 

Faux  pas — A  false  step 

Fete— A  holiday 

Garcon — A  boy 

Gardez  bien— Take  care 

Gens  d'armes — Armed  police 


Jeu  d'esprit — A  witticism 
Litterateur — A  literary  man 
Mauvais  gout — Bad  taste 
Naive — Having  unaffected  sim* 

plicity 
Nee— Born 
Ne'glige— Undressed 
Noblesse  oblige— Rank  imposes 

obligation 
Nom  de  plume — An   assumed 

name 

On  dit — They  say 
Pas  a  pas — Step  by  step 
Passe — Worn  out 
Patois — Dialect  of    the    lowe* 

classes 

Protege — One  protected  by  an- 
other 

Q,ui  vive  ? — Who  goes  there 
Resume — A  summing  up 
Role — A  part  in  a  performance 
Savant — A  man  of  science 
Tant  mieux — So  much  the  bette 
Tete-a-tdte— Face  to  face  ;   in 

close  conversation 
Tout   ensemble — The    whole 

taken  together 

Valet  de  chambre— An  attend- 
ant 

Vis  a  vis— Facing 
Vive  le  roi — Long  live  the  king 
Voila — Behold  ;  there  is 


RULES   FOR    CAPITALS. 
Begin  with  a  capital  letter: 

I. — The  first  word  of  every  sentence. 
II. — The  first  word  of  every  line  of  poetry. 
III. — The  first  word  of  every  direct  quotation. 
IV. — Proper  nouns  and  words  derived  from  proper  nouns. 
V. — Names  and  titles  of  Deity. 
VI. — Names  of  things  vividly  personified. 
VII. — Names  of  days  of  the  week  and  months  of  the  year. 
VIII. — Names   of   religious    bodies,    political    parties,    or    specia 

societies. 

IX. — Titles  applied  to  individuals  or  used-as  parts  of  names. 
X. — Words  naming  particular  things,  or  events  of  special  im- 
portance. 
XI. — Important  words  in  titles  of  books,  of  newspapers,  or  of 

compositions. 

XII. — The  pronoun  I,  the  interjection  O,  and  most  abbreviations 
should  be  capitals. 

RULES   FOR   PLURALS. 
I. — Most  nouns  form  plurals  by  adding  s. 
II. — Nouns  uniting  with  sounds  represented  by  s  form  plurals  by 

adding  es. 
III. — Nouns  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  consonant  change/  to  / 

and  add  es, 

IV. — Some  nouns  ending  in  /or  fet  changeyor/^  to  v  and  add  es. 
V. — Letters,  figures,   and  other  characters  are  made  plural  by 
adding  apostrophe  ( ' )  and  s. 

RULES    FOR   SUFFIXES. 

I. — Some  words  ending  in  e  drop  the  e  before  taking  a  suffix  be- 
ginning with  a  vowel. 

II. — Monosyllables  and  words  accented  on  last  syllable,  ending  in 
a  consonant  preceded  by  a  vowel,  double  the  consonant 
before  taking  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel. 
III. — Final  y  preceded  by  a  consonant  is  changed  to  /unless  the 
suffix  begins  with  z. 

RULES   FOR   POSSESSIVES. 
I. — All  nouns  in  the  singular  and  all  plurals  not  ending  in  s  form 

their  possessives  by  adding  apostrophe  (')  and  s. 
II. — Plurals  ending  in  s  add  the  apostrophe  (  ')  only. 

148 


U.  C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


YB  01630 


